Turn-secure rack

1. A test tube rack for receiving a test tube rack compliant screw-capped test tube of length (l) and diameter (d), said rack comprising:

a top tier and a bottom tier, a top surface of said top tier and said bottom tier being, when the top tier and bottom tier are assembled to form said rack, spaced apart a distance smaller than said length (l);

said top tier comprising a plurality of apertures of aperture diameter (da) larger than said diameter (d), said apertures arranged to form a 2-dimensional array of apertures in said top tier;

said bottom tier comprising a friction tier and a support tier having independent wells, the friction tier comprising a sheet of high friction material closing the independent wells;

said friction tier facing said top tier when said rack is assembled;

wherein, when said rack is assembled, there is formed an array of rack wells, each rack well comprising an aperture of the plurality of apertures and a well bottom of well bottom diameter (dw) larger than said diameter (d), located opposite said aperture; and

wherein when said rack is assembled, said well bottom is formed from said high friction material comprised in said friction tier.

2. A test tube rack of claim 1 , wherein the top tier includes a support structure, and wherein two or more elements chosen from the list of said top tier, said support structure, and said support tier are of unitary construction.

3. A test tube rack according to claim 1 , wherein said aperture of each rack well is enlarged by a guiding section; which has a second and larger diameter than said aperture diameter (da).

4. A test tube rack according to claim 1 , wherein said high friction material is selected from natural rubber, EPDM rubber, PVC-rubber, structured natural or silicone, nonslip silicone, nonslip autoclavable silicone, sticky silicone, or is a compression-induce adhesive.

5. A test tube rack according to claim 1 , wherein each rack well is configured to receive a test tube that is a 15 mm Ø×45 mm flat bottom glass vial mounted with a screw cap.

6. A test tube rack according to claim 1 , further comprising a well enclosure connecting said well bottom to said aperture, such that said aperture diameter (da) is either slightly larger or of the same diameter as said well bottom diameter (dw).

7. A method of capping or de-capping a test tube rack compliant screw-capped test tube supported upright in a rack well comprising a well bottom in a test tube rack, the test tube rack comprising

a top tier and a bottom tier, a top surface of said top tier and said bottom tier being, when the top tier and bottom tier are assembled to form said rack, spaced apart a distance smaller than said length (l),

said top tier comprising a plurality of apertures of aperture diameter (da) larger than said diameter (d), said apertures arranged to form a 2-dimensional array of apertures in said top tier;

said bottom tier comprising a friction tier and a support tier;

said friction tier facing said top tier when said rack is assembled;

said friction tier comprising a high friction material;

wherein, when said rack is assembled, there is formed an array of rack wells, each rack well comprising an aperture of the plurality of apertures and a well bottom of well bottom diameter (dw) larger than said diameter (d), located opposite said aperture; and

wherein when said rack is assembled, said well bottom is formed from said high friction material comprised in said friction tier;

said rack positioned in an apparatus for automated test tube capping and de-capping opposite a capping and de-capping gripper comprised in said apparatus, said method comprising:

engaging said gripper to said test tube and exerting a downwards force by said gripper on said test tube to create a frictional force between said test tube and said well bottom of said rack which exceeds a torsional force to cap or de-cap said test tube by rotation of said gripper in a direction for capping or de-capping said test tube, without said test tube co-rotating with said gripper in the direction of said gripper's rotation.

8. A test tube rack in combination with screw-capped test tubes, comprising:

test tube rack compliant screw-capped test tubes, each of length (l) and diameter (d); and

a test tube rack for receiving the test tube, the rack comprising

a top tier and a bottom tier, a top surface of said top tier and said bottom tier being, when the top tier and bottom tier are assembled to form said rack, spaced apart a distance smaller than said length (l);

said top tier comprising a plurality of apertures of aperture diameter (da) larger than said diameter (d), said apertures arranged to form a 2-dimensional array of apertures in said top tier;

said bottom tier comprising a friction tier and a support tier;

said friction tier facing said top tier when said rack is assembled;

said friction tier comprising a high friction material;

wherein, when said rack is assembled, there is formed an array of rack wells, each rack well comprising an aperture of the plurality of apertures and a well bottom of well bottom diameter (dw) larger than said diameter (d), located opposite said aperture;

wherein when said rack is assembled, said well bottom is formed from said high friction material comprised in said friction tier; and

wherein the screw-capped test tubes are positioned in the rack wells with bottom ends resting against the high friction material.