Gelling dextran ethers
Compositions are disclosed herein comprising at least one dextran ether compound that comprises uncharged, anionic, and/or cationic organic groups. The degree of substitution of one or more dextran ether compounds is about 0.0025 to about 3.0. Dextran from which the disclosed ether compounds can be derived can have a weight-average molecular weight of about 50-200 million Daltons and/or a z-average radius of gyration of about 200-280 nm. Also disclosed are methods of producing dextran ether compounds, as well as methods of using these ether compounds in various applications.
1. A composition comprising a dextran ether compound, wherein the dextran ether compound comprises:
(i) 87-91.5 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 6;
(ii) 0.1-1.2 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 3;
(iii) 0.1-0.7 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 4;
(iv) 7.7-8.6 wt % glucose linked at positions 1, 3 and 6;
(v) 0.4-1.7 wt % glucose linked at:
(a) positions 1, 2 and 6, or
(b) positions 1, 4 and 6;
and
(vi) a degree of substitution (DoS) with at least one organic group of 0.0025 to 3.0;
wherein the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of said dextran ether compound is 50 million to 200 million Daltons.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the dextran ether compound comprises:
(i) 89.5-90.5 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 6;
(ii) 0.4-0.9 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 3;
(iii) 0.3-0.5 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 4;
(iv) 8.0-8.3 wt % glucose linked at positions 1, 3 and 6; and
(v) 0.7-1.4 wt % glucose linked at:
(a) positions 1, 2 and 6, or
(b) positions 1, 4 and 6.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the dextran ether compound comprises chains linked together within a branching structure, wherein said chains are similar in length and comprise substantially alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the average length of the chains is 10-50 monomeric units.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the z-average radius of gyration of the dextran from which the dextran ether compound is derived is 200-280 nm.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the dextran from which the dextran ether compound is derived is a product of a glucosyltransferase enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one organic group is a carboxy alkyl, alkyl, or hydroxy alkyl group.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein at least one organic group is a carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxypropyl, or hydroxyethyl group.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one organic group is a positively charged organic group.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein at least one positively charged organic group comprises a substituted ammonium group.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein
the dextran ether compound contains one type of organic group.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of a household product, personal care product, pharmaceutical product, industrial product, or food product.
13. A method of producing a dextran ether compound, the method comprising:
contacting a dextran in a reaction under alkaline conditions with at least one etherification agent comprising an organic group, wherein at least one organic group is etherified to the dextran thereby producing a dextran ether compound, wherein the dextran ether compound has a degree of substitution with at least one organic group of 0.0025 to 3.0 and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the dextran ether compound is 50 million to 200 million Daltons, wherein the dextran comprises:
(i) 87-91.5 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 6;
(ii) 0.1-1.2 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 3;
(iii) 0.1-0.7 wt % glucose linked at positions 1 and 4;
(iv) 7.7-8.6 wt % glucose linked at positions 1, 3 and 6; and
(v) 0.4-1.7 wt % glucose linked at:
(a) positions 1, 2 and 6, or
(b) positions 1, 4 and 6.
14. A method for increasing the viscosity of an aqueous composition, the method comprising:
contacting a dextran ether compound as recited in claim 1 with the aqueous composition, wherein the viscosity of the aqueous composition is increased by the dextran ether compound compared to the viscosity of the aqueous composition before the contacting step.
15. A method of treating a material, said method comprising:
contacting a material with an aqueous composition comprising a dextran ether compound as recited in claim 1 .
16. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the substituted ammonium group is a trimethylammonium group.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the dextran ether compound contains two or more different organic groups.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising isolating the dextran ether compound produced in the contacting step.