Method for producing forged crankshaft
A forged crankshaft production method includes a first preforming step, a second preforming step, and a final preforming step. In the first preforming step, sectional areas of portions to be formed into pins and sectional areas of portions to be formed into journals are decreased, whereby flat portions are formed, and the portion to be formed into the pin located at a second position is decentered. In the second preforming step, a portion to be formed into the pin located at a first position is decentered, and a portion to be formed into the pin located at a third position is decentered to a side opposite to the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position. In a blank obtained thereby, portions to be formed into pins have been reduced and decentered, and the material yield rate can be improved.
1. A method for producing a forged crankshaft including journals serving as a center of rotation, pins decentered from the journals and located at a first position, a second position and a third position, respectively, having phase differences of 120 degrees thereamong, crank arms connecting the journals and the pins, and counterweights integrated with some or all of the crank arms, the method comprising:
a first preforming step of pressing a workpiece by a first pair of dies to decrease sectional areas of portions of the workpiece to be formed into the pins and sectional areas of portions of the workpiece to be formed into the journals, thereby forming the portions to be formed into the pins and the portions to be formed into the journals into flat portions, and to decenter one of the flat portions to be formed into the pin located at the second position;
a second preforming step of pressing an initial blank obtained by the first preforming step by a second pair of dies with a direction perpendicular to the decentering direction of the portion to be formed into the pin located at the second position set as a pressing direction to decenter the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position and to decenter the portion to be formed into the pin located at the third position to a side opposite to the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position;
a final preforming step of pressing an intermediate blank obtained by the second preforming step by a third pair of dies to further decenter the portion to be formed into the pin located at the first position and to further decenter the portion to be formed into the pin located at the third position, wherein:
the workpiece is a billet or a stepped blank;
the stepped blank has small sectional areas in the portions to be formed into the pins and in the portions to be formed into the journals, the small sectional areas being smaller than a total of a sectional area of a portion to be formed into a crank arm incorporating a counterweight and a sectional area of a portion to be formed into the counterweight integrated with the crank arm;
the first pair of dies includes pin processing portions to come into contact with the portions to be formed into the pins and journal processing portions to come into contact with the portions to be formed into the journals; and
in the first preforming step, the workpiece is pressed by the pin processing portions and the journal processing portions, whereby the flat portions are formed.
2. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein
in the final preforming step, the direction of the pressing by the third pair of dies is perpendicular to the decentering direction of the portion to be formed into the pin located at the second position.
3. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein:
the forged crankshaft further includes a front part located at a front end in an axial direction;
the first pair of dies further includes a front processing portion to come into contact with a portion of the workpiece to be formed into the front part; and
in the first preforming step, the front processing part elongates the portion to be formed into the front part in the axial direction while decreasing a sectional area of the portion to be formed into the front part to form the portion to be formed into the front part into a flat portion.
4. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 3 , wherein:
in the first preforming step, the portion to be formed into the front part is pressed by the front processing portion such that, in the initial blank, a sectional area of the portion to be formed into the front part decreases with decreasing distance from an end surface of the front part.
5. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein:
the forged crankshaft further includes a flange located at a rear end in the axial direction;
the first pair of dies further includes a flange processing portion to come into contact with a portion of the workpiece to be formed into the flange; and
in the first preforming step, while the flat portions are formed, an end surface of the portion to be formed into the flange is brought into contact with the flange processing portion, whereby a sectional area of the portion to be formed into the flange is increased.
6. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein:
in the second preforming step, the portions to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights are processed to be thicker than a finished size, and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms are processed to be thicker than a finished size;
in the final preforming step, during the pressing by the third pair of dies, the portions of the intermediate blank to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms are pressed from the axial direction of the intermediate blank.
7. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein:
the second pair of dies used in the second preforming step includes web processing portions to come into contact with the portions to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms;
each of the web processing portions includes an arm processing part to come into contact with a portion to be formed into a crank arm and a weight processing part to come into contact with a portion to be formed into a counterweight integrated with the crank arm, the arm processing part and the weight processing part being provided in one of the second pair of dies;
the arm processing part and the weight processing part form a recessed portion, where the arm processing part is located in a bottom side of the recessed portion and the weight processing part is located in an open side of the recessed portion;
a width of an open side of the weight processing part becomes greater with increasing distance from the bottom of the recessed portion;
in the second preforming step, as the portions to be formed into the pins located at the first position and at the third position are being decentered, the portions to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms are pushed into the bottom sides of the web processing portions and are deformed.
8. The method for producing a forged crankshaft according to claim 7 , wherein
in the second preforming step, when the portions to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms are pushed into the bottom sides of the web processing portions and are deformed, the portions to be formed into the crank arms incorporating the counterweights and the portions to be formed into the counterweights integrated with the crank arms are pressed from the open sides of the web processing portions for volume distribution.