Production of fine-pored PMMA foams using nucleating agents
Fine-cell PMMA foams are produced using a production process including nucleators in addition to suitable blowing agents. It was found that, surprisingly, a simple-to-produce stable PMMA foam having very fine cells and very good properties can be produced.
1. A process for producing a polymethacrylate foam,
polymerizing a composition comprising:
from 0.01 to 2.0 wt % of an initiator,
from 2 to 20 wt % of a blowing agent selected from the group consisting of urea, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl methyl ether, and poly(tert-butyl (meth)acrylate),
from 0.2 to 10 wt % of silicon oxide particles having a diameter between 4 and 1000 nm as nucleating agent and from 70 to 97.79 wt % of a polymer-forming mixture,
wherein said polymer-forming mixture comprises:
methyl methacrylate (MMA) and/or MMA repeat units to an extent of not less than 75 mol % and may be present as polymer and/or oligomer to an extent of from 0 to 80 wt %, wherein said polymerizing proceeds at a temperature between 20° C. and 100° C., to obtain a polymerized composition, and
subsequently foaming said polymerized composition at a temperature between 130° C. and 250° C. to obtain a rigid polymethacrylate foam.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition contains from 0.5 to 8 wt % of SiO 2 particles having a diameter between 5 and 500 nm.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition contains from 0.2 to 1.5 wt % of the initiator, from 3 to 15 wt % of the blowing agent, from 0.5 to 8 wt % of SiO 2 particles and from 75 to 97.8 wt % of the polymer-forming mixture, wherein said polymer-forming mixture consists of MMA to an extent of not less than 75 mol % and is present as polymer and/or oligomer to an extent of from 0 to 50 wt %.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 30° C. and 70° C. for the polymerization and between 150° C. and 230° C. for the foaming.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer-forming composition further comprises up to 0.5 wt % of crosslinker and/or up to 1.5 wt % of chain transfer agent.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer-forming mixture comprises MMA-copolymerizable comonomers and/or -copolymerized comonomers in the polymers and/or oligomers, and
wherein the comonomers comprise (meth)acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, (meth)acrylamide, an N-alkyl(meth)acrylamide having one to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate having one to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group or mixtures of two or more thereof.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization and/or the foaming are/is effected stagewise at different temperatures.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization and the foaming are effected simultaneously.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein when the blowing agent comprises isopropyl (meth)acrylate and/or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate the isopropyl (meth)acrylate and/or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate are/is at the same time part of the polymer-forming mixture and are wholly or partly copolymerized into the polymers formed therefrom.