Device and System for Placing Securing Device Within Bone
Aspects described herein disclose devices, systems, and methods for use in contexts such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS). A device is provided herein having a proximal portion and a distal portion, and an ultrasound transducer may be disposed within the distal portion and configured to scan tissue and identify certain portions of a patent's anatomy. In some aspects, different types of bones may be identified and the information used in determining a drill trajectory. Trajectory information may be presented to an operator of the device visually, such as in a 3-D volumetric image. By scanning the tissue, identifying the anatomy, and presenting the results to an operator, unnecessary damage to elements of the patients anatomy may be avoided or lessened.
1 . A system for classifying tissue, the system comprising:
an ultrasound transducer disposed at a distal portion of a main body, where the ultrasound transducer is configured to scan a region that is distal of the distal portion of the main body;
a computing device in communication with the ultrasound transducer including a processor that is configured to classify tissue within the region, wherein the processor is configured to generate a b-mode image of the region and identify a region of interest; and
a display to indicate the location of the tissue within the region relative to the distal portion of the main body
2 . The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to analyze radio frequency data located within the region of interest if tissue is detected.
3 . The system of claim 2 wherein the processor is configured to identify the presence of a target anatomy within the region of interest by comparing a known power spectrum of the target anatomy to a power spectrum of the tissue located within the region of interest.
4 . The system of claim 3 wherein the processor first locates a region of interest by analyzing the b-mode image before analyzing the radio frequency data of the region of interest.
5 . The system of claim 4 wherein the radio frequency data is not analyzed until a region of interest is detected by analyzing the b-mode image.
6 . The system of claim 5 wherein the analysis of the radio frequency signal includes analyzing the spectral signature of the signal.
7 . The system of claim 6 wherein the power spectrum is a normalized power spectrum.
8 . The system of claim 7 wherein the processor calculates the normalized power spectrum from a block of data that is comprised of more than one scan line.
9 . The system of claim 8 wherein the processor parameterizes the normalized power spectrum.
10 . The system of claim 9 further comprising a classifier that classifies the normalized power spectrum to identify the type of tissue.
11 . A system for drilling a tunnel within a pedicle, the system comprising:
a processor; and
a device having a proximal portion, a distal portion, a main body, wherein the main body comprises a longitudinal axis formed between the proximal portion and the distal portion, and at least one transducer in communication with the processor, wherein the processor is configured to detect between cortical bone and cancellous bone based on at least attenuation or impedance and calculate a drill trajectory within the pedicle, wherein the drill trajectory resides only in the cancellous bone.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to output for display an indication of the drill trajectory.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the indication comprises a visual identifier corresponding to a first boundary between the cortical bone and the cancellous bone on a first planar area and a visual identifier corresponding to a second boundary between the cortical bone and the cancellous bone on a second planar area, wherein both the first planar area and the second planar area are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the indication of the drill trajectory comprises an indication that a shape formed by the first boundary is in alignment with a shape formed by the second boundary.
15 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the device further comprises a hollow cannula configured to allow passage of a surgical screw through the main body along the longitudinal axis.
16 . A device for minimally invasive surgery, the device comprising:
a main body, having a longitudinal axis, formed between a proximal portion and a distal portion;
at least one ultrasound transducer disposed at the distal portion and configured to scan a region that extends along the longitudinal axis; and
at least two blades, each attached at the proximal portion and extending along a length of the main body, wherein each of the two blades is configured to operatively extend away from the longitudinal axis.
17 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising a second ultrasonic transducer disposed on an outer surface of at least one of the at least two blades.
18 . The device of claim 16 , wherein main body is formed by the at least two blades.
19 . The device of claim 16 , wherein, when operatively extended, the two blades form a channel between the blades.
20 . The device of claim 16 , wherein the at least two blades are at least partially encapsulated by a flexible membrane that is configured to expand as the blades operatively extend away from the longitudinal axis.