Binder and slurry compositions and solid state batteries made therewith
Described herein are various embodiments of binder and slurry compositions and methods of making a solid-state battery therefrom. An solid-state electrochemical cell may include a first electrode substrate with a separator layer that is continuously interleaved in an alternating pattern with a second electrode substrate. A method of making a solid-state electrochemical cell may include applying a separator layer to a first electrode substrate and continuously interleaving folded portions of the first electrode substrate with alternating folded portions of a second electrode substrate to form an electrochemical cell.
1. A binder composition for processing one or more electrode and/or separator layers in an electrochemical cell comprising a sulfide-based, solid electrolyte, wherein the binder composition comprises a homogeneous mixture of a lithium polysulfide composition and an aprotic solvent, wherein the binder composition comprises a formula LixSv*z (aprotic solvent) and wherein the binder composition is coated or cast as a film onto a substrate comprising an anode, a cathode, and/or a separator layer of the electrochemical cell.
2. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfite, methyl acetate, methyl formate, nitromethane, propylene carbonate, chloro-pentafluoro benzene, methyl tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, dimethyl carbonate, pyridine, sulfolane, or mixtures thereof.
3. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent is removed or partially removed from the binder composition by heating or air-drying.
4. A slurry composition for use in production of one or more components of an electrochemical cell comprising:
a binder composition comprising a homogeneous lithium polysulfide composition and an aprotic solvent,
wherein the binder composition comprises a coating for one or more substrates comprising electrode layers and/or one or more separator layers of the electrochemical cell, and
wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
5. The slurry composition of claim 4 , further comprising one or more of a cathode or anode material, a co-solvent, and a polymer binder.
6. The binder composition of claim 1 wherein the lithium polysulfide composition comprises a mixture of elemental sulfur powder and one or more of lithium metal, lithium sulfide, and lithium nitride.
7. The binder composition of claim 1 comprising a solution form.
8. The binder composition of claim 7 further comprising a polymer.
9. The binder composition of claim 7 wherein the polymer comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyanilene, poly(methyl methacrylate), nitrile butadiene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polystyrene.
10. The binder composition of claim 1 further comprising a ceramic or glassy powder comprising a metal oxide, a metal phosphate, an electrochemically active metal sulfide; a non-sulfide electrolyte; a carbon-containing solid comprising graphite or carbon black; or a mixture thereof.
11. The binder composition of claim 1 comprising a solid form.
12. The binder composition of claim 1 comprising a slurry form.
13. A solid composition for use as one or more components of an electrochemical cell comprising a homogeneous lithium polysulfide composition having a formula Li x S y *z (aprotic solvent).
14. The solid composition of claim 13 , wherein the aprotic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfite, methyl acetate, methyl formate, nitromethane, propylene carbonate, chloro-pentafluoro benzene, methyl tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, dimethyl carbonate, pyridine, sulfolane, or mixtures thereof.
15. The solid composition of claim 13 wherein the lithium polysulfide composition comprises Li 2 S 10 *2tetrahydrofuran or Li 2 S 10 *6tetrahydrofuran.
16. The binder composition of claim 1 wherein the lithium polysulfide composition comprises Li 2 S 10 *2tetrahydrofuran or Li 2 S 10 *6tetrahydrofuran.
17. The slurry composition of claim 4 wherein the lithium polysulfide composition comprises Li 2 S 10 *2tetrahydrofuran or Li 2 S 10 *6tetrahydrofuran.