Method for manufacturing nanostructures for a field emission cathode
The present invention relates to the field of field emission lighting, and specifically to a method for forming a field emission cathode. The method comprises arranging a growth substrate in a growth solution comprising a Zn-based growth agent, the growth solution having a pre-defined pH-value at room temperature; increasing the pH value of the growth solution to reach a nucleation phase; upon increasing the pH of the solution nucleation starts. The growth phase is then entered by decreasing the pH. The length of the nanorods is determined by the growth time. The process is terminated by increasing the pH to form sharp tips. The invention also relates to a structure for such a field emission cathode and to a lighting arrangement comprising the field emission cathode.
1. A method for forming a plurality of ZnO nanostructures for a field emission cathode, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a growth substrate;
providing a growth solution comprising a Zn-based growth agent, said growth solution having a pre-defined initial pH-value at room temperature;
arranging said growth substrate in said growth solution;
increasing said pH value of said growth solution to reach a nucleation phase forming nucleation sites on said substrate;
decreasing said pH value to transition from said nucleation phase to a growth phase;
growing said nanostructures for a predetermined growth-time; and
increasing said pH value to transition from said growth phase to a tip-formation phase.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of increasing said pH value to initiate a nucleation phase comprises heating said growth solution to a first temperature.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said step of increasing said pH value to transition from said growth phase to said tip-formation phase comprises decreasing said temperature of said growth solution to a second temperature, lower than said first temperature.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said predefined initial pH-value is in the range of 4.5 to 6.7.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said nanostructure is a nanorod.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said tip-formation phase comprises forming tapered tips on said nanostructures, said tapered tips having a radius of curvature in the range of 1 to 20 nm.
7. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said first temperature of said growth solution is controlled to be 90° C. and said second temperature of said growth solution is controlled to be 70° C.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said growth substrate is a planar substrate.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said growth substrate is a Ni, Fe or Cu wire.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said growth substrate comprises a wire protruding from a planar surface.
11. A field emission arrangement comprising:
a field emission cathode comprising ZnO nanostructures formed by a method according to claim 1 ;
an anode structure at least partly covered by a phosphor layer, said anode structure being configured to receive electrons emitted by said field emission cathode structure;
an evacuated chamber in which said anode structure and field emission cathode is arranged; and
a power supply connected to the anode and the field emission cathode configured to apply a voltage so that an electron is emitted from the cathode to the anode.
12. A field emission cathode structure configured to be used in a field emission lighting arrangement, said cathode structure comprising:
at least one electrically conductive base wire configured and arranged to span a volume, and a plurality of nanorods formed on said base wire in accordance to claim 1 , said nanorods protruding from said base wire.
13. The field emission cathode structure according to claim 12 , wherein said nanorods protruding from said base wire in a radial direction of said base wire.
14. The cathode structure according to claim 12 , wherein said at least one base wire is arranged in to span a volume having the shape of a cone, a truncated cone, a sphere or an ellipsoid.
15. The cathode structure according to claim 12 , wherein said at least one base wire is arranged to form at least one wire intersection.
16. The cathode structure according to claim 12 , wherein said nanorods have a length in the range of 3-50 μm and a diameter in the range of 20-300 nm.
17. A field emission lighting arrangement comprising:
an anode structure at least partly covered by a phosphor layer, said anode structure being configured to receive electrons emitted by a field emission cathode structure according to claim 12 ;
an evacuated chamber in which said anode structure and said field emission cathode is arranged; and
a power supply connected to the anode structure and the field emission cathode structure cathode configured to apply a voltage so that an electron is emitted from the nanorods of the cathode to the anode.