Galvannealed steel sheet and method for producing the same
A steel sheet for galvannealed steel contains, by mass %, C: 0.25 to 0.70%, Si: 0.25 to 2.50%, Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%, Al: 0.005 to 3.50%, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.03% or less, N £ 0.02%, O £ 0.01%, and optionally one or more selected from Ti, Nb, V, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni, B, Ca, REM, Mg, W, Zr, Sb, Sn, As, Te, Y, Hf and Co, a balance being Fe and impurities. The microstructure consists of, by vol. %, retained g: 10.0 to 60.0%, high-temperature tempered martensite 3 5.0%, low-temperature tempered martensite 3 5.0%, fresh martensite £ 10.0%, a: 0 to 15.0%, P: 0 to 10.0%, a balance being bainite. Total volume ratio of tempered martensite and bainite is 30.0% or more, tensile strength is 1470 MPa or more, tensile strength×uniform elongation is 13000 MPa % or more, and tensile strength×local elongation is 5000 MPa % or more.
1. A galvannealed steel sheet comprising an alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer on a surface of a steel sheet,
a chemical composition of the steel sheet consisting of, by mass %,
C: 0.25 to 0.70%,
Si: 0.25 to 2.50%,
Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%,
Al: 0.005 to 3.50%,
P: 0.15% or less,
S: 0.03% or less,
N: 0.02% or less,
O: 0.01% or less,
Ti: 0 to 0.50%,
Nb: 0 to 0.50%,
V: 0 to 0.50%,
Cr: 0 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0 to 1.50%,
Cu: 0 to 5.00%,
Ni: 0 to 5.00%,
B: 0 to 0.003%,
Ca: 0 to 0.05%,
REM: 0 to 0.05%,
Mg: 0 to 0.05%,
W: 0 to 0.50%,
Zr: 0 to 0.05%,
Sb: 0 to 0.50%,
Sn: 0 to 0.50%,
As: 0 to 0.05%,
Te: 0 to 0.05%,
Y: 0 to 0.20%,
Hf: 0 to 0.20%,
Co: 0 to 1.00%, and
a balance: Fe and impurities,
wherein:
a steel micro-structure at a position of ¼ thickness of a sheet thickness is, by vol. %,
retained austenite: 10.0 to 60.0%,
high-temperature tempered martensite: 5.0% or more,
low-temperature tempered martensite: 5.0% or more,
fresh martensite: 10.0% or less,
ferrite: 0 to 15.0%,
pearlite: 0 to 10.0%, and
a balance: bainite; and
a total volume ratio of high-temperature tempered martensite, low-temperature tempered martensite and bainite is 30.0% or more,
a tensile strength is 1470 MPa or more,
a product of the tensile strength and uniform elongation is 13000 MPa % or more, and
a product of the tensile strength and local elongation is 5000 MPa % or more.
2. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein:
the chemical composition contains, by mass %,
Si+Ai: 0.80% or more.
3. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 2 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness; and
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is more than 10 μm.
4. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 2 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness;
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is 10 μm or less; and
a ratio of a fatigue limit to a tensile strength of the steel sheet is 0.30 or more.
5. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein:
the chemical composition contains, by mass %, one or more elements selected from:
Ti: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Nb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
V: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Cr: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Cu: 0.01 to 5.00%,
Ni: 0.01 to 5.00%,
B: 0.0001 to 0.003%,
Ca: 0.0001 to 0.05%,
REM: 0.0005 to 0.05%,
Mg: 0.0001 to 0.05%,
W: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Zr: 0.005 to 0.05%,
Sb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Sn: 0.005 to 0.50%,
As: 0.005 to 0.05%,
Te: 0.001 to 0.05%,
Y: 0.001 to 0.20%,
Hf: 0.001 to 0.20%, and
Co: 0.001 to 1.00%.
6. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 5 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness; and
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is more than 10 μm.
7. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 5 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness;
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is 10 μm or less; and
a ratio of a fatigue limit to a tensile strength of the steel sheet is 0.30 or more.
8. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein:
a C amount contained in the retained austenite is 0.85% by mass or more.
9. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 8 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness; and
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is more than 10 μm.
10. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 8 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness;
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is 10 μm or less; and
a ratio of a fatigue limit to a tensile strength of the steel sheet is 0.30 or more.
11. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein:
an Fe amount contained in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer is 3.0 to 20.0% by mass.
12. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 11 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness; and
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is more than 10 μm.
13. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 11 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness;
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is 10 μm or less; and
a ratio of a fatigue limit to a tensile strength of the steel sheet is 0.30 or more.
14. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness; and
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is more than 10 μm.
15. The galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 wherein:
the steel sheet comprises, in an outer layer, a surface soft layer having a hardness that is not more than 0.9 times an average hardness in a region from a position of ¼ thickness of the sheet thickness to a position of ½ thickness of the sheet thickness;
a thickness of the surface soft layer from an interface between the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the steel sheet is 10 μm or less; and
a ratio of a fatigue limit to a tensile strength of the steel sheet is 0.30 or more.
16. A method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet, that is a method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1 , comprising:
(a) a melting step of melting an ingot or a slab having a chemical composition consisting of, by mass %,
C: 0.25 to 0.70%,
Si: 0.25 to 2.50%,
Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%,
Al: 0.005 to 3.50%,
P: 0.15% or less,
S: 0.03% or less,
N: 0.02% or less,
O: 0.01% or less,
Ti: 0 to 0.50%,
Nb: 0 to 0.50%,
V: 0 to 0.50%,
Cr: 0 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0 to 1.50%,
Cu: 0 to 5.00%,
Ni: 0 to 5.00%,
B: 0 to 0.003%,
Ca: 0 to 0.05%,
REM: 0 to 0.05%,
Mg: 0 to 0.05%,
W: 0 to 0.50%,
Zr: 0 to 0.05%,
Sb: 0 to 0.50%,
Sn: 0 to 0.50%,
As: 0 to 0.05%,
Te: 0 to 0.05%,
Y: 0 to 0.20%,
Hf: 0 to 0.20%,
Co: 0 to 1.00%, and
a balance: Fe and impurities;
(b) a hot-rolling step of heating the ingot or slab and performing hot-rolling to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet;
(c) a first cooling step of cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(d) a coiling step of coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(e) a cold-rolling step of uncoiling and pickling the hot-rolled steel sheet, and thereafter performing cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet;
(f) an annealing step of maintaining the cold-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range from an Ac 1 point to 920° C. for 5 s or more;
(g) a second cooling step of cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature range of 100 to 350° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more;
(h) a pre-treatment step of cooling or heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a hot-dip galvanizing bath temperature;
(i) a plating step of immersing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a hot-dip galvanizing bath such that the steel sheet is hot-dip galvanized to obtain a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet;
(j) an alloying step of heating the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet to 480 to 600° C. such that the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is alloyed to obtain a galvannealed steel sheet;
(k) a third cooling step of cooling the galvannealed steel sheet to a temperature range of 80 to 300° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more; and
(l) a tempering step of maintaining the galvannealed steel sheet in a temperature range from 100 to 450° C. for 1 s or more and 48 h or less;
wherein the steps from (a) to (l) are carried out in sequence.
17. A method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet, that is a method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 14 , comprising:
(a) a melting step of melting an ingot or a slab having a chemical composition consisting of, by mass %,
C: 0.25 to 0.70%,
Si: 0.25 to 2.50%,
Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%,
Al: 0.005 to 3.50%,
P: 0.15% or less,
S: 0.03% or less,
N: 0.02% or less,
O: 0.01% or less,
Ti: 0 to 0.50%,
Nb: 0 to 0.50%,
V: 0 to 0.50%,
Cr: 0 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0 to 1.50%,
Cu: 0 to 5.00%,
Ni: 0 to 5.00%,
B: 0 to 0.003%,
Ca: 0 to 0.05%,
REM: 0 to 0.05%,
Mg: 0 to 0.05%,
W: 0 to 0.50%,
Zr: 0 to 0.05%,
Sb: 0 to 0.50%,
Sn: 0 to 0.50%,
As: 0 to 0.05%,
Te: 0 to 0.05%,
Y: 0 to 0.20%,
Hf: 0 to 0.20%,
Co: 0 to 1.00%, and
a balance: Fe and impurities;
(b) a hot-rolling step of heating the ingot or slab and performing hot-rolling to obtain a hot-roiled steel sheet;
(c) a first cooling step of cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(d) a coiling step of coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(e) a cold-roiling step of uncoiling and pickling the hot-rolled steel sheet, and thereafter performing cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet;
(f) an annealing step of maintaining the cold-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range from an Ac 1 point to 920° C. for 5 s or more in an atmosphere with a dew point of 25° C. or more;
(g) a second cooling step of cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature range of 100 to 350° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more;
(h) a pre-treatment step of cooling or heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a hot-dip galvanizing bath temperature;
(i) a plating step of immersing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a hot-dip galvanizing bath such that the steel sheet is hot-dip galvanized to obtain a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet;
(j) an alloying step of heating the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet to 480 to 600° C. such that the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is alloyed to obtain a galvannealed steel sheet;
(k) a third cooling step of cooling the galvannealed steel sheet to a temperature range of 80 to 300° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more; and
(l) a tempering step of maintaining the galvannealed steel sheet in a temperature range from 100 to 450° C. for 1 s or more and 48 h or less;
wherein the steps from (a) to (l) are carried out in sequence.
18. A method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet, that is a method for producing a galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 15 , comprising:
(a) a melting step of melting an ingot or a slab having a chemical composition consisting of, by mass %,
C: 0.25 to 0.70%,
Si: 0.25 to 2.50%,
Mn: 1.00 to 5.00%,
Al: 0.005 to 3.50%,
P: 0.15% or less,
S: 0.03% or less,
N: 0.02% or less,
O: 0.01% or less,
Ti: 0 to 0.50%,
Nb: 0 to 0.50%,
V: 0 to 0.50%,
Cr: 0 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0 to 1.50%,
Cu: 0 to 5.00%,
Ni: 0 to 5.00%,
B: 0 to 0.003%,
Ca: 0 to 0.05%,
REM: 0 to 0.05%,
Mg: 0 to 0.05%,
W: 0 to 0.50%,
Zr: 0 to 0.05%,
Sb: 0 to 0.50%,
Sn: 0 to 0.50%,
As: 0 to 0.05%,
Te: 0 to 0.05%,
Y: 0 to 0.20%,
Hf: 0 to 0.20%,
Co: 0 to 1.00%, and
a balance: Fe and impurities;
(b) a hot-rolling step of heating the ingot or slab and performing hot-rolling to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet;
(c) a first cooling step of cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(d) a coiling step of coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet;
(e) a cold-rolling step of uncoiling and pickling the hot-rolled steel sheet, and thereafter performing cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet;
(f) an annealing step of maintaining the cold-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range from an Act point to 920° C. for 5 s or more in an atmosphere with a dew point of −15° C. or less;
(g) a second cooling step of cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet o a temperature range of 100 to 350° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more;
(h) a pre-treatment step of cooling or heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a hot-dip galvanizing bath temperature;
(i) a plating step of immersing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a hot-dip galvanizing bath such that the steel sheet is hot-dip galvanized to obtain a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet;
(j) an alloying step of heating the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet to 480 to 600° C. such that the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is alloyed to obtain a galvannealed steel sheet;
(k) a third cooling step of cooling the galvannealed steel sheet to a temperature range of 80 to 300° C. at an average cooling rate of or more; and
(l) a tempering step of maintaining the galvannealed steel sheet in a temperature range from 100 to 450° C. for 1 s or more and 48 h or less;
wherein the steps from (a) to (l) are carried out in sequence.