Liquid panel assembly

1. A liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger comprising:

a housing defining a cavity;

a plurality of liquid panels disposed in the cavity, each of which comprises:

a support frame having a plurality of liquid circuits through which a liquid is configured to flow, each of the plurality of liquid circuits comprising an inlet channel connected to an outlet channel through a plurality of flow passages, the inlet channel being disposed at an upper corner of the support frame, and the outlet channel being disposed at a lower corner of the support frame; and

first and second semi-permeable membranes secured to first and second sides of the support frame; and

a plurality of air channels disposed in the cavity between adjacent pairs of the liquid panels, each air channel comprising a membrane support assembly configured to support the semi-permeable membranes of the adjacent pair of the liquid panels,

wherein the exchanger is configured to exchange latent and sensible energy between air transmitted through the air channels and a liquid transmitted through the liquid panels, and

wherein a hydraulic diameter of the inlet channels and the outlet channels is selected based on a density, viscosity, and flow speed of the liquid to generate a friction pressure loss of the liquid that is in a range from greater than zero to approximately equal to a hydrostatic pressure gain of the liquid as the liquid flows through the plurality of liquid circuits.

2. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of flow passages comprises plurality of counterflow passages.

3. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the upper corner is diagonally located from the lower corner.

4. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein each of the inlet and outlet channels provides a flow alignment vane configured to direct the liquid to flow along a particular path, wherein the inlet and outlet channels are configured to provide support to the at least one membrane, and wherein the inlet and outlet channels are configured to provide a sealing surface for at least a portion of the at least one membrane.

5. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and outlet channels are vertical and the plurality of flow passages are horizontal.

6. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein a horizontal length of the plurality of flow passages exceeds half a total horizontal length of the support frame.

7. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid circuits comprises:

a first plurality of flow passages connected to a first inlet channel and a first outlet channel; and

a second plurality of flow passages connected to a second inlet channel and a second outlet channel.

8. The energy exchanger of claim 7 , wherein the first plurality of flow passages is staggered with respect to the second plurality of flow passages.

9. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein each of the support frames of each of the plurality of liquid panel assemblies further comprises an inlet member and an outlet member, both of which are connected to the plurality of liquid circuits.

10. The energy exchanger of claim 9 , wherein each inlet member and each outlet member is integral with each support frame.

11. The energy exchanger of claim 9 , wherein the inlet members of the support frames are configured to modularly engage one another, and wherein the outlet members of the support frames are configured to modularly engage one another.

12. The energy exchanger of claim 11 , the inlet members modularly engaged to one another forming an inlet manifold through which the liquid is configured to enter the plurality of liquid circuits of each of the support frames.

13. The energy exchanger of claim 11 , the outlet members modularly engaged to one another forming an outlet manifold through which the liquid is configured to exit the plurality of liquid circuits of each of the support frames.

14. The energy exchanger of claim 9 , wherein at least a portion of the first and second semi-permeable membranes sealingly engages the inlet and outlet members.

15. The energy exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the liquid is a liquid desiccant.