Short-Chain Potassium Polyphosphate Compositions and Methods of Making
Disclosed herein are methods of making acidic short-chain potassium polyphosphate compositions with reduced levels of water-insoluble materials. Also disclosed herein are acidic short-chain potassium polyphosphate compositions.
1 . A potassium polyphosphate composition comprising a mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates, wherein said mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates comprises from about 1% to about 30% of its P 2 O 5 content as orthophosphate and from about 1% to about 20% of its P 2 O 5 content as tetrapoly- and higher polyphosphates, and wherein said composition is a solid composition of matter.
2 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates comprises from about 50% to about 95% of its P 2 O 5 content as pyrophosphate.
3 . (canceled)
4 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates comprises from about 2% to about 15% of its P 2 O 5 content as tripolyphosphate.
5 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the combined amount of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate in the mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates is from about 52% to about 97% of the P 2 O 5 content of the mixture.
6 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a water-insoluble material content not exceeding about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.5%, or about 1.0%.
7 . (canceled)
8 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a K 2 O/P 2 O 5 molar ratio of from about 0.8 to about 1.2.
9 - 11 . (canceled)
12 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of acidic potassium polyphosphates has an average chain length (n) of between about 1.7 to about 3.3.
13 . The potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 1 , wherein a 1% by weight solution of said composition in water has a pH of between about pH 3 to about pH 7.
14 . A method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition, the method comprising reacting a polyphosphoric acid in the range of from about 75 wt % to about 86 wt % P 2 O 5 and a potassium polyphosphate salt to form a reaction mixture.
15 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 14 , wherein the reaction mixture once reacted is the final potassium polyphosphate composition.
16 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 14 , further comprising drying the reaction mixture to form a solid composition of matter.
17 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 16 , comprising a step of adding water prior to drying the reaction mixture.
18 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 16 , wherein the step of drying the reaction mixture is performed under one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of a temperature in a range from about 0° C. to about 100° C., a pressure in a range from about 1 kPa to about 101 kPa, and a period of time in a range from about 1 second to about 24 hours.
19 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 16 , wherein the step of drying the reaction mixture is performed under a pressure ranging from a complete vacuum to about ambient atmospheric pressure.
20 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 18 , wherein the temperature is from about 60° C. to about 100° C.
21 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 17 wherein the water is added to the polyphosphoric acid and potassium polyphosphate salt at the same time.
22 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 17 , wherein the water is added to the polyphosphoric acid before reacting the polyphosphoric acid and the potassium polyphosphate salt.
23 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 22 , wherein the water is added to the polyphosphoric acid within about 20 minutes before reacting the polyphosphoric acid and the potassium polyphosphate salt.
24 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 22 , wherein the step of adding the water to the polyphosphoric acid includes cooling to negate the heat of dilution.
25 . (canceled)
26 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 17 , wherein a reaction mixture slurry is formed and wherein the method further comprises the step of at least partially separating solids from the reaction mixture slurry prior to drying.
27 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 14 , wherein the potassium polyphosphate salt comprises tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP, K 4 P 2 O 7 ), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP, K 5 P 3 O 10 ), or a mixture thereof.
28 . The method of preparing a potassium polyphosphate composition of claim 14 , wherein the potassium polyphosphate salt comprises tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP, K 4 P 2 O 7 ).
29 . (canceled)
30 . A potassium polyphosphate composition made by the method of claim 14 .