Supercharging device for an internal combustion engine, and operating method for the supercharging device

1. A supercharging device for an internal combustion engine having an intake side, an exhaust-gas side, an intake tract arranged on the intake side and an exhaust-gas tract arranged on the exhaust-gas side, the supercharging device comprising:

an exhaust-gas turbocharger having an exhaust-gas turbine, which is arranged in the exhaust-gas tract, and a fresh-air compressor having a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side, which is arranged in the intake tract;

a fresh-air supply device to which the fresh-air compressor is connected on the low-pressure side thereof;

a charge-air feed line which connects the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor to the intake side of the internal combustion engine for conducting a charge-air mass flow generated by the fresh-air compressor;

a plurality of valve devices coupled to the charge-air feed line between the fresh-air compressor and the intake side of the internal combustion engine; and

a recuperation charger which has a compressor-turbine with a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side and which has an electromechanical motor-generator coupled to the compressor-turbine, the compressor-turbine is coupled by line connections and the valve devices to the charge-air feed line in such a way that the recuperation charger is operable in a manner dependent on settings of the valve devices, at least firstly when the supercharging device is configured in a booster operating mode in a manner driven by the motor-generator as a compressor for increasing the pressure of the charge-air mass flow in the charge-air feed line, and secondly when the supercharging device is configured in a recuperation operating mode in a manner driven by the charge-air mass flow as a turbine for energy recovery by the motor-generator.

2. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the valve devices comprise a first valve device and a second valve device, the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine is connected, at least via a low-pressure branch line and the first valve device, to the charge-air feed line at a first charge-air branching point, and the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine is connected, at least via a high-pressure branch line and the second valve device, to the charge-air feed line at a second charge-air branching point downstream of the first charge-air branching point, and wherein the charge-air feed line is selectively shut off between the first charge-air branching point and the second charge-air branching point by at least one of the first valve device, the second valve device, and a further valve device of the valve devices.

3. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising at least one of a blow-off port and a recirculation line connected to the fresh-air supply device, the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line being connected via the first valve device or a second further valve device of the valve devices to the low-pressure branch line at a low-pressure branching point between the first charge-air branching point and the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine.

4. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the first valve device is a switching valve which is arranged at the low-pressure branching point, such that

in a valve position with a closed passage from the first charge-air branching point to the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine, a passage from the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine to the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line is open, and

in a further valve position with an open passage from the first charge-air branch point to the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine, the passage to the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line is closed.

5. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the second valve device is a switching valve which is arranged at the second charge-air branching point, such that

in a first valve position with an open passage of the charge-air feed line to the intake side of the internal combustion engine, passage from the charge-air feed line to the high-pressure branch line is at least partially closed,

in a second valve position with a closed passage of the charge-air feed line to the intake side of the internal combustion engine and to the high-pressure branch line, the passage from the high-pressure branch line to the intake side of the internal combustion engine is open, and

in a third valve position with an open passage of the charge-air feed line from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor to the high-pressure branch line, the passage of the charge-air feed line to the intake side of the internal combustion engine is at least partially closed.

6. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the supercharging device is configured to switch between at least the booster operating mode, the recuperation operating mode and a standard operating mode so that the valve devices and the recuperation charger are, in each operating mode, set such that

in the booster operating mode, the charge-air mass flow is conducted from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor to the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and from the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine back into the charge-air feed line and to the intake side of the internal combustion engine, and the motor-generator is switched into a motor mode so as to drive the compressor-turbine for the purposes of increasing pressure in the charge-air feed line,

in the recuperation operating mode, the charge-air mass flow is blown off from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor at least partially to the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and from the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine to either into surroundings via the blow-off port or introduced into the fresh-air supply device via the recirculation line, or the charge-air mass flow is additionally conducted onward to the intake side of the internal combustion engine, and the motor-generator is switched into a generator mode so as to be driven by the compressor-turbine for energy recovery, and

in the standard operating mode, the charge-air mass flow is conducted from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor via the charge-air feed line directly to the intake side of the internal combustion engine, and the motor-generator of the recuperation charger is switched into a neutral state.

7. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein

in the booster operating mode, the passage from the first charge-air branch point to the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine is opened and the passage to the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line is closed, and at the same time, the passage from the high-pressure branch line to the charge-air feed line is opened and the passage of the charge-air feed line between the first and the second charge-air branching point is closed,

in the recuperation operating mode, the passage from the first charge-air branch point toward the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and toward the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line is closed, the passage from the second charge-air branch point toward the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine is at least partially opened, the passage toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is at least partially closed, and the passage from the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine toward the at least one of the blow-off port and the recirculation line is opened, and

in the standard operating mode, the passage from the first charge-air branching point toward the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and the passage from the high-pressure branch line toward the charge-air feed line are closed, and the passage of the charge-air feed line from the low-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is opened.

8. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a charge-air bypass line which is connected at one side to the charge-air feed line at a third charge-air branching point upstream of the first charge-air branching point and which is connected at the other side to the high-pressure branch line via at least one of the second valve device and a second further valve device of the valve devices at a high-pressure branching point, the charge-air feed line is selectively shut off from the first charge-air branching point toward the third charge-air branching point by at least one of the first valve device and a third further valve device of the valve devices.

9. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the first valve device is a switching valve which is arranged at the first charge-air branching point, such that

in a first valve position with a closed passage from the first charge-air branching point toward the low-pressure branch line, the passage of the charge-air feed line from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor to the intake side of the internal combustion engine is open,

in a second valve position with a closed passage from the first charge-air branching point toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine, the passage from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor toward the low-pressure branch line is open, and

in a third valve position with a closed passage of the charge-air feed line from the first charge-air branching point toward the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor, the passage from the low-pressure branch line toward the intake side is open.

10. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the second valve device is a switching valve which is arranged at the high-pressure branching point, such that

in a first valve position with a closed passage from the charge-air bypass line toward the high-pressure branch line, the passage from the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is open, and

in a second valve position with an open passage from the charge-air bypass line toward the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine, the passage from the charge-air bypass line toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is at least partially closed.

11. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the supercharging device is configured to switch between at least the booster operating mode, the recuperation operating mode and a standard operating mode so that

in the booster operating mode, the passage from the third charge-air branch point via the first charge-air branch point toward the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and the passage from the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine toward the charge-air feed line are opened, and at the same time, the passage of the charge-air bypass line toward the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and the passage of the charge-air feed line between the first and the second charge-air branching points are closed, and

in the recuperation operating mode, the passage of the charge-air bypass line from the third charge-air branching point toward the high-pressure side of the compressor-turbine is at least partially opened and toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is at least partially closed, the passage from the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine toward the intake side of the internal combustion engine is opened, and at the same time, the passage of the charge-air feed line between the third and the first charge-air branching points is closed, and

in the standard operating mode, the passage of the charge-air line from the high-pressure side of the fresh-air compressor to the intake side of the internal combustion engine is opened, and the passage of the low-pressure branch line toward the low-pressure side of the compressor-turbine and the passage of the high-pressure branch line toward the charge-air feed line are closed.

12. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising one or more charge-air coolers arranged at one or more positions in the charge-air feed line upstream or downstream of the compressor-turbine in the charge-air mass flow.

13. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the compressor-turbine of the recuperation charger has a compressor-turbine housing with, arranged therein, a fixed or variable guide blade arrangement for improving outflow behavior or inflow behavior of the charge-air mass flow.

14. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fresh-air supply device has a fresh-air supply line and a fresh-air filter device.

15. The supercharging device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the supercharging device is configured to, during operation, be switched at least between the booster operating mode and the recuperation operating mode, or between a standard operating mode, the booster operating mode and the recuperation operating mode, in a manner dependent on an operating behavior of the internal combustion engine and by settings or configurations of the valve devices and the motor-generator of the recuperation charger.