High registration particles-transferring system
Disclosed herein are implementations of a particles-transferring system, particle transferring unit, and method of transferring particles in a pattern. In one implementation, a particles-transferring system includes a first substrate including a first surface to support particles in a pattern, particle transferring unit including an outer surface to be offset from the first surface by a first gap, and second substrate including a second surface to be offset from the outer surface by a second gap. The particle transferring unit removes the particles from the first surface in response to the particles being within the first gap, secures the particles in the pattern to the outer surface, and transports the particles in the pattern. The second substrate removes the particles in the pattern from the particle transferring unit in response to the particles being within the second gap. The particles are to be secured in the pattern to the second surface.
1. A particle transferring unit comprising:
a transferring unit substrate;
a first electrode on the substrate;
a dielectric layer on the first electrode; and
a second electrode on the dielectric layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are to form an electric field to remove a plurality of particles in a pattern from a first substrate, secure the plurality of particles in the pattern to the particle transferring unit, and transfer the plurality of particles in the pattern to a second substrate.
2. The particles-transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the first substrate is to support the plurality of particles in a liquid;
the plurality of particles have an electric charge;
the particle transferring unit is to generate an electric field; and
the particle transferring unit is to remove the plurality of particles from the liquid and secure the plurality of particles via an electrical force.
3. The particles-transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a second surface and wherein:
the second surface comprises a tacky surface comprising one or more of adhesive, photoresist, polymers, silicon, or polydimethylsiloxane; and
the second substrate is to remove the plurality of particles from the particle transferring unit and secure the plurality of particles to the second surface in response to the plurality of particles contacting the tacky surface.
4. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the first electrode is a continuous layer;
the second electrode comprises a grid pattern comprising a first electrode grid and a second electrode grid;
the first electrode grid is to be powered independently from the second electrode grid to modulate the electric field locally; and
the electric field creates an electric force to remove the plurality of particles from the first substrate and secure the plurality of particles on the particle transferring unit.
5. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of integrated photosensitive switches to power the particle transferring unit optically.
6. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the transferring unit substrate is flexible and coupled to one or more rollers; and
the substrate is rotated over the rollers to remove and transport the plurality of particles.
7. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the transferring unit substrate is coupled to one or more flexible joints;
the transferring unit substrate is positioned, by the one or more flexible joints, on the first substrate to remove the plurality of particles from the first substrate; and
the transferring unit substrate is positioned, by the one or more flexible joints, on the second substrate to transfer the plurality of particles to the second substrate.
8. The particle transferring unit of claim 7 , wherein the one or more flexible joints comprises one or more of a universal joint, a compliant joint, or a joint with springs.
9. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the transferring unit substrate is a rigid curved substrate comprising an axis; and
the transferring unit substrate is rotated about the axis to remove the plurality of particles from the first substrate and to transport the plurality of particles to the second substrate.
10. The particle transferring unit of claim 1 , wherein:
one or more spacers are to provide a gap between the first substrate and the particle transferring unit; and
the particle transferring unit is to manipulate the one or more spacers.