Biorenewable kerosene, jet fuel, jet fuel blendstock, and method of manufacturing
The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (wt. %) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least 98 wt. % C 7 -C 12 n-paraffins, where at least 10 wt. % of composition includes n-decane, at least 20 wt. % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least 75 wt. % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less than 0.1 wt. % oxygenates and less than 0.1 wt. % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.
1. A composition comprising
at least 98 wt % C 7 -C 12 n-paraffins, wherein at least 10 wt % of composition comprises n-decane, at least 20 wt % of the composition comprises n-dodecane, and at least 75 wt % of composition comprises even carbon number paraffins, and a weight ratio of C 12 paraffins to C 11 paraffins from 3.0:1 to 1.2:1;
less than 0.1 wt % oxygenates; and
less than 0.1 wt % aromatics.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 75 wt % of composition comprises even carbon number n-paraffins.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises less than 0.01 wt % oxygenates.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 20 wt % of the composition comprises n-octane.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 12 paraffins to C 7 paraffins is 150:1 or greater.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 12 paraffins to C 9 paraffins is 10:1 or greater.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 10 paraffins to C 7 paraffins is 150:1 or greater.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 10 paraffins to C 9 paraffins is 10:1 or greater.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 10 paraffins to C 11 paraffins is from 2.0:1 to 0.5:1.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of C 12 paraffins to C 10 paraffins is from 2.0:1 to 0.5:1.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is suitable as a diesel fuel, a diesel fuel additive, a diesel fuel blendstock, a turbine fuel, a turbine fuel additive, a turbine fuel blendstock, an aviation fuel, an aviation fuel additive, an aviation fuel blendstock, a fuel for portable heaters, a fuel for portable generators, a charcoal lighter fluid, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
12. A charcoal heating material comprising
a charcoal comprising
wood char;
a binder;
an exterior surface of the charcoal; and
optionally a plurality of pores within the charcoal; and
a composition of claim 1 disposed on at least the exterior surface of the charcoal.
13. A method of producing the composition of claim 1 , the method comprising
contacting a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock with a hydrotreatment catalyst in a fixed bed hydrotreatment reactor to produce a hydrotreated product; and
fractionating the hydrotreated product to produce the composition;
wherein
the biorenewable feedstock comprises at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil;
the fixed bed hydrotreatment reactor
is at a temperature less than 750° F.; and
is at a pressure from 200 psig to 4,000 psig.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the liquid hourly space velocity of the biorenewable feedstock through the fixed bed hydrotreatment reactor is from 0.2 hr −1 to 10.0 hr −1 .
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method comprises fractionating the hydrotreated product to produce the composition and one or more C 14 -C 22 n-paraffin fractions comprising at least 90 wt % C 14 -C 22 n-paraffins.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more C 14 -C 22 n-paraffin fractions comprises one or more of a fraction comprising at least 90 wt % n-hexadecane, a fraction comprising at least 90 wt % n-octadecane; a fraction comprising at least 90 wt % n-icosane, and a fraction comprising at least 90 wt % n-docosane.
17. A phase change material comprising a C 14 -C 22 n-paraffin fraction of claim 16 .
18. A blended fuel comprising
a composition of claim 1 ; and
a petroleum-based fuel and/or a synthetic fuel.
19. A method for producing a blended fuel, the method comprising combining a composition of claim 1 with a petroleum-based fuel and/or a synthetic fuel to produce the blended fuel.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is produced by hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.