MESOPOROUS CARBON MATERIALS COMPRISING BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS
The present application is directed to mesoporous carbon materials comprising bi-functional catalysts. The mesoporous carbon materials find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lithium-air batteries. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials, and devices comprising the same, are also disclosed.
1 . A carbon material comprising at least 1000 ppm of a bi-functional catalyst and a pore structure comprising pores, the pore structure comprising a total pore volume of at least 1 cc/g, wherein at least 50% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 2 nm to 50 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT
2 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 10 nm to 50 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
3 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 15 nm to 30 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
4 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 2 nm to 50 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
5 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 10 nm to 50 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
6 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises at least 5000 ppm of the bi-functional catalyst.
7 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a specific surface area of greater than 500 m 2 g as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
8 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a specific surface area of greater than 1000 m 2 g as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
9 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a specific surface area of greater than 1500 m 2 g as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
10 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a specific surface area of greater than 2000 m 2 g as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
11 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst comprises iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, gold, halfnium, platinum, titanium, rhenium, tantalum, thallium, vanadium, niobium, scandium, chromium, gallium, zirconium, molybdenum or combinations or alloys thereof.
12 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst comprises nickel.
13 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst comprises iron.
14 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst comprises manganese.
15 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst is in the form of an oxide.
16 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst comprises a nickel oxide, an iron oxide or a manganese oxide.
17 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the bi-functional catalyst is in the form of a carbide.
18 . The carbon material of claim 17 , wherein the carbide comprises tungsten carbide.
19 . The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises less than 500 ppm of all other elements, excluding the bi-functional catalyst, having atomic numbers ranging from 11 to 92, as measured by proton induced x-ray emission.
20 . A metal-air battery comprising an air cathode, a metal anode and an electrolyte, wherein the air cathode comprises a carbon material comprising at least 1000 ppm of a bi-functional catalyst and a pore structure comprising pores, the pore structure comprising a total pore volume of at least 1 cc/g, wherein at least 50% of the total pore volume resides in pores having a pore size ranging from 2 nm to 50 nm as determined from N 2 sorption derived DFT.
21 .- 46 . (canceled)