Spherical high temperature high closure tolerant cashew nut shell liquid based proppant, methods of manufacture, and uses thereof
A method of fracturing a subterranean formation includes introducing into the formation a fracturing composition comprising a carrier and a substantially spherical polymeric particulate derived from a cashew nut shell liquid, the substantially spherical polymeric particulate having an apparent specific gravity of less than about 2.4. The fracturing composition is introduced at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge a fracture.
1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
introducing into the formation at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge a fracture in the formation a fracturing composition comprising
a carrier and
a substantially spherical polymeric particulate derived from a cashew nut shell liquid, the substantially spherical polymeric particulate having an apparent specific gravity of less than about 2.4 and a particle size of about 10 to 200 mesh.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises a thermoset polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises a phenol formaldehyde derived from the cashew nut shell liquid, a polyester derived from the cashew nut shell liquid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the phenol formaldehyde, and the phenol formaldehyde is derived from formaldehyde and the cashew nut shell liquid, the cashew nut shell liquid comprising cardanol.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the phenol formaldehyde, and the phenol formaldehyde is crosslinked or cured.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the polyester, and the polyester is polymerized from a monomer composition comprising a bisphenol derived from the cashew nut shell liquid and an acid component comprising one or more of the following terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or a derivative thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate has a crush strength of 5% or less maximum generated fines as measured in accordance with American Petroleum Institute (API) RP 60 at a closure pressures of 16,000 psi.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises particles having a size of about 250 microns to about 900 microns.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate further comprises a non-reactive filler.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier is an aqueous carrier, an oil based carrier, or an energized fluid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate is introduced into the formation at a concentration sufficient to achieve a partial monolayer fracture.
12. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
introducing into the formation a slurry containing a carrier and a substantially spherical polymeric particulate derived from a cashew nut shell liquid at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge fractures in the formation, the substantially spherical polymeric particulate having an apparent specific gravity of less than about 2.4 and a particle size of about 10 to 200 mesh; and
forming in the created or enlarged fracture a proppant pack comprising the substantially spherical polymeric particulate, wherein the proppant pack is permeable to fluids produced from the wellbore and substantially prevents or reduces production of formation materials from the formation into the wellbore.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a partial monolayer is created in the fracture by the proppant pack.
14. A sand control method for a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, comprising:
introducing into the wellbore a slurry of a substantially spherical polymeric particulate derived from a cashew nut shell liquid and a carrier, the substantially spherical polymeric particulate having an apparent specific gravity (ASG) of less than about 2.4 and a particle size of about 10 to 200 mesh; and
placing the substantially spherical polymeric particulate adjacent the subterranean formation to form a fluid-permeable pack capable of reducing or substantially preventing the passage of formation particles from the subterranean formation into the wellbore while allowing passage of formation fluids from the subterranean formation into the wellbore.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate derived from the cashew nut shell liquid comprises a thermoset polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises a phenol formaldehyde derived from the cashew nut shell liquid, a polyester derived from the cashew nut shell liquid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the phenol formaldehyde, and the phenol formaldehyde is derived from formaldehyde and the cashew nut shell liquid, the cashew nut shell liquid comprising cardanol.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the phenol formaldehyde, and the phenol formaldehyde is crosslinked or cured.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate comprises the polyester, and the polyester is polymerized from a monomer composition comprising a bisphenol derived from the cashew nut shell liquid and an acid component comprising one or more of the following terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or a derivative thereof.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the substantially spherical polymeric particulate further comprises a non-reactive filler.
21. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carrier is an aqueous carrier, an oil based carrier, or an energized fluid.
22. The method of claim 14 , wherein, prior to introduction of the substantially spherical polymeric particulate into the wellbore, a screen assembly is disposed within the wellbore such that at least a portion of the screen assembly is disposed adjacent the subterranean formation.