Multi-mode electromechanical variable transmission
A vehicle includes an engine, a drive axle, a multi-mode transmission, and a controller. The multi-mode transmission includes a first gear set having a first planetary gear carrier and a second gear set having a second planetary gear carrier, a first motor/generator coupled to the first gear set, a second motor/generator electrically coupled to the first motor/generator and coupled to the second gear set, a brake selectively limiting movement of a portion of the second gear set, and a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second motor/generator to the engine. The first gear set is coupled to the engine, and the planetary gear carriers are rotatably coupled. The controller is configured to selectively configure the multi-mode transmission into an active neutral startup mode of operation by engaging the clutch and the brake such that at least one of the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator produces a voltage.
1. A vehicle, comprising:
an engine;
a drive axle;
a multi-mode transmission selectively coupled to the engine and the drive axle, the multi-mode transmission including:
a first gear set having a first planetary gear carrier and a second gear set having a second planetary gear carrier, wherein the first gear set is coupled to the engine, and wherein the first planetary gear carrier and the second planetary gear carrier are rotatably coupled;
a first motor/generator coupled to the first gear set; and
a second motor/generator electrically coupled to the first motor/generator with a bus, coupled to the second gear set, and selectively coupled to the engine;
a brake positioned to selectively limit movement of a portion of the second gear set when engaged;
a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second motor/generator to the engine when engaged; and
a controller coupled to the multi-mode transmission and configured to selectively configure the multi-mode transmission into an active neutral startup mode of operation by engaging the clutch and the brake such that at least one of the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator produces a voltage that is applied to the bus.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the first motor/generator includes a first shaft and the second motor/generator includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first gear set and the second gear set.
3. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially offset from the drive axle.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to activate the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator into desired states and disengage at least one of the clutch and the brake in response to at least one of the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator at least one of (a) reaching a threshold speed, (b) generating a threshold voltage, (c) producing a threshold voltage for a threshold period of time, and (d) producing a threshold power.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to activate the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator into desired states and maintain engagement of the clutch and the brake in response to the first motor/generator at least one of (a) reaching a threshold speed, (b) generating a threshold voltage, (c) producing a threshold voltage for a threshold period of time, and (d) producing a threshold power.
6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the engine is coupled to a first ring gear of the first gear set with a connecting shaft, and wherein the second motor/generator is coupled to a sun gear of the second gear set such that the engine rotates a sun gear of the first gear set according to a fixed ratio when the brake and the clutch are engaged.
7. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the engine is decoupled from the drive axle when the multi-mode transmission is selectively configured into the active neutral startup mode of operation.
8. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to receive an engine start request that comprises a directive to turn the engine “on” from an “off” state.
9. The vehicle of claim 8 , further comprising at least one of pushbutton, a graphical user interface, and an ignition with which a user interacts to provide the engine start request.
10. A drive system for a vehicle having a drive axle, the drive system comprising:
a first gear set including a first sun gear, a first ring gear, a first plurality of planetary gears coupling the first sun gear to the first ring gear, and a first carrier rotationally supporting the first plurality of planetary gears;
a second gear set including a second sun gear, a second ring gear, a second plurality of planetary gears coupling the second sun gear to the second ring gear, and a second carrier rotationally supporting the second plurality of planetary gears, wherein the first carrier is directly coupled to the second carrier;
a first electrical machine coupled to the first gear set;
a second electrical machine coupled to the second gear set;
a connecting shaft coupling an engine to the first gear set;
a brake positioned to selectively limit a rotational movement of the second ring gear when engaged;
a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second electrical machine to the connecting shaft and the engine when engaged; and
a controller configured to engage the clutch and the brake in response to an engine start request,
wherein the drive system is selectively reconfigurable into an active neutral startup mode of operation whereby at least one of the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine provide a startup power in response to a rotational input from the engine.
11. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to receive the engine start request when a user interacts with at least one of pushbutton, a graphical user interface, and an ignition.
12. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the first electrical machine includes a first shaft and the second electrical machine includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first gear set, the second gear set, and the connecting shaft, and wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially offset from the drive axle.
13. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to disengage at least one of the clutch and the brake in response to the startup power exceeding a threshold level.
14. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to maintain engagement of the clutch and the brake in response to the startup power exceeding a threshold level.
15. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the engine start request comprises a directive to turn the engine “on” from an “off” state.
16. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the engine is coupled to the first ring gear of the first gear set with the connecting shaft, and wherein the second electrical machine is coupled to the second sun gear of the second gear set such that the engine rotates the first sun gear of the first gear set according to a fixed ratio when the brake and the clutch are engaged.
17. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the engine is decoupled from the drive axle when the drive system is selectively configured into the active neutral startup mode of operation.
18. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the first electrical machine includes a first shaft and the second electrical machine includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first gear set, the second gear set, and the connecting shaft.
19. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the first gear set and the second gear set are disposed between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine.
20. A method of operating a multi-mode transmission, comprising:
receiving an engine start request associated with an engine, wherein the engine is coupled to a first electromagnetic device through a first gear set;
engaging a clutch to selectively rotationally couple a second electromagnetic device and a second gear set to the engine;
engaging a brake to selectively limit a rotational movement of a ring gear of the second gear set, wherein a carrier of the second gear set is coupled to a carrier of the first gear set; and
generating a startup power by providing a rotational input to the first electromagnetic device with the engine.