Techniques for calibrating wireless power transmission systems for operation in multipath wireless power delivery environments

1. A method of calibrating a wireless power transmission system (WPTS), the method comprising:

assigning: a first antenna element (AE) of a plurality of AEs of the WPTS as a reference AE, and a second AE of the plurality of AEs as a test AE;

receiving, by the reference AE and the test AE, a calibration signal from a calibration AE;

determining phases at which the calibration signal is received by the reference AE and the test AE;

transmitting, to the calibration AE, a signal encoding a detected phase at which the calibration signal was received by the reference AE;

transmitting, by the test AE to the calibration AE, signals at sequential phase settings;

receiving, from the calibration AE, data representative of received power of the signals received by the calibration AE at the sequential phase settings; and

determining, from among the sequential phase settings and prior to transmitting wireless power signals by the WPTS, an optimum phase corresponding to a peak power of the signals received by the calibration AE.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference AE comprises a feed line.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising directing the reference AE to continuously transmit a wireless power signal to the calibration AE at a reference phase setting, wherein transmitting signals at sequential phase settings comprises directing the test AE to transmit a wireless power signal at the sequential phase settings.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reference phase setting comprises the detected phase minus a reference path delay phase.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: assigning at least a third AE of the plurality of AEs as at least one additional test AE; and for the at least one additional test AE:

receiving, by the at least one additional test AE, the calibration signal from the calibration AE;

determining a phase at which the calibration is received by the at least one additional test AE;

transmitting, by the at least one additional test AE and to the calibration AE, signals at the sequential phase settings;

receiving, from the calibration AE, data representative of received power of the signals sent by the at least one additional test AE at the sequential phase settings; and

determining another optimum phase setting from among the sequential phase settings corresponding to a peak power received by the calibration AE from the at least one additional test AE.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising calculating another calibration value for the at least one additional test AE based at least in part on a difference between the detected phase and the another optimum phase.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising, prior to the WPTS transmitting the wireless power signals in a multipath environment, adjusting a phase of the at one additional test AE.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein adjusting the phase of the at least one additional test AE comprises adding the another calibration value to the detected phase for wireless power transmission operation of the at least one additional test AE in the WPTS.

9. The method of claim 7 further comprising assigning the at least one additional test AE as another calibrated AE.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising calculating a calibration value for the test AE based at least in part on a difference between the optimum phase and a phase at which the calibration signal is received by the test AE.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising, prior to transmitting the wireless power signals by the WPTS in a multipath environment, adjusting a phase of the test AE based on the calibration value.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein adjusting the phase of the test AE comprises adding the calibration value to the detected phase for wireless power transmission operation of the test AE in the WPTS.

13. The method of claim 11 further comprising assigning the test AE as a calibrated AE.

14. The method of claim 1 , the steps performed with the calibration AE positioned in a multipath environment in the near field with respect to the plurality of AEs.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of:

the calibration signal is received from the calibration AE, and

the signals at the sequential phase settings are transmitted to the calibration AE along a plurality of paths or reflected off one or more objects in a multipath environment.

16. A wireless power transmission system comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements (AEs); and

a controller operatively coupled to the plurality of antenna elements, and configured to:

assign: a first AE of a plurality of AEs as a reference AE, and a second AE of the plurality of AEs as a test AE;

direct the reference, and the test, AEs, to receive a calibration signal from a calibration AE;

determine phases at which the calibration signal is received by the reference, and the test, AEs;

cause a signal encoding a detected phase at which the calibration signal was received by the reference AE to be transmitted to the calibration AE;

direct the test AE to transmit signals at sequential phase settings to the calibration AE;

receive, from the calibration AE, data representative of received power of the signals received by the calibration AE at the sequential phase settings; and

determine, from among the sequential phase settings and prior to transmitting wireless power signals by the wireless power transmission system (WPTS), an optimum phase corresponding to a peak power of the signals received by the calibration AE.

17. The wireless power transmission system of claim 16 further comprising the calibration AE operatively coupled to the controller, the calibration AE positioned in a multipath environment in the near field with respect to the plurality of AEs.

18. The wireless power transmission system of claim 16 , wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a calibration value for the test AE based at least in part on a difference between the optimum phase and the detected phase.

19. The wireless power transmission system of claim 18 , wherein the controller is further configured to cause a phase of the test AE to be adjusted by adding the calibration value to the detected phase for transmitting the wireless power signals using the test AE in a multipath environment.

20. One or more non-transitory computer readable medium having program instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor of a machine, cause the machine to:

assign: a first antenna element (AE) of a plurality of AEs as a reference AE, and a second AE of the plurality of AEs as a test AE;

direct the reference, and the test, AEs to receive a calibration signal from a calibration AE;

determine phases at which the calibration signal is received by the reference, and the test, AEs;

cause a signal encoding a detected phase at which the calibration signal was received by the reference AE to be transmitted to the calibration AE;

direct the test AE to transmit signals at sequential phase settings to the calibration AE;

receive, from the calibration AE, data representative of received power of the signals received by the calibration AE at the sequential phase settings; and

determine, from among the sequential phase settings, an optimum phase corresponding to a peak power of the signals received by the calibration AE.