Fault Tolerant Method of Tagging Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Products using Multiple Taggants in Varying Ratios
We disclose a method of tagging a variety of pharmaceutical or nutritional products in which well-studied chemicals may be added to the products in unique ratios. The identities of the chemicals and their relative ratios comprise unique taggants. The taggants may identify which of multiple distinct categories the product falls within. The method includes the step of systematically varying the relative concentrations of the chemicals resulting in multiple ratios of the chemicals. The plurality of ratios of a defined set of chemicals may be collected to form a library of taggants associated with specified items or categories. As the number of chemicals added per product increases, the library supports more categories and the system is less likely to produce a false positive. The method may result in a series of taggants for each item which is single fault tolerant or double fault tolerant.
1 . A method of tagging pharmaceutical or nutritional products for later identification comprising the steps of:
a. providing a plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products;
b. assigning each of the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products to one or more of between four and eight categories;
c. providing between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprising food dyes, artificial sweeteners, synthetic polymers, or combinations thereof;
d. adding a unique combination of the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals to each of the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products in between three and nine spectrally distinct ratios of chemical amounts systemically varying the relative concentrations of the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals to create a plurality of tagged products,
e. associating the identity of the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals and the between three and nine spectrally distinct ratios with the between four and eight categories; and
f. analyzing a biological sample collected from a user who has consumed at least one of the plurality of tagged products using a medical toilet, the medical toilet comprising a traditional water toilet, the traditional water toilet comprising a light absorption spectrometer.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of associating at least one of the unique combination of the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals with at least one of the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a number of ratios within the between three and nine spectrally distinct ratios of chemical amounts is greater than a number of categories within the between four and eight categories.
4 . (canceled)
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products comprises drug products.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between four and eight categories consists of one or more of the following categories selected from the group consisting of: a manufacturing site, a distributor, a dispensing pharmacy, a retailer, a prescribing healthcare provider, a formulation, a pharmaceutical compound, a type of nutritional supplement, and a prescribed end-user.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products comprises nutritional products.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between four and eight categories consists of one or more of the following categories selected from the group consisting of: a manufacturing site, a distributor, a formulation, an intended use, and a source of a main ingredient.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprises compounds which are detectable in urine by light absorption spectroscopy.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the light absorption spectroscopy technique is selected from the group consisting of: near infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, or both near infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein systematically varying relative concentrations of the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprises incrementally varying the concentration of a first spectrally distinct chemical relative to a second spectrally distinct chemical.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and nine spectrally distinct ratios of chemical amounts is unique in the presence of a single erroneously determined ratio.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprises at least eight spectrally distinct chemicals.
14 . (canceled)
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprises a food dye.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprises an artificial sweetener.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the between three and ten spectrally distinct chemicals comprise a chemical which is detectable by a near infrared spectroscopy, wherein the chemical is independently selected from the group consisting of: polyethylene glycol, ethylene-vinyl acetate, copovidone, povidone, propylparaben, methyl paraben, acesulfame potassium, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, steviol glucuronide, and sucralose, oleic acid, trans-anethole, 1, 8-eucalyptol, limonene-2D, linalool, citronellol, riboflavin, tartaric acid, and salts of tartaric acid.
18 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of grouping unique taggants which are assigned to related items into a library.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products comprises non-ingestible products.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of pharmaceutical or nutritional products is independently selected from the group of processed foods consisting of: milk, wheat, rice, sugar, salt, fruits, vegetables, olives, peanuts, cacao, coffee, tobacco, alcohols, beef, pork, chicken, poultry, fowl, fish, whales, mollusks, crustacea, seaweed, and oils.