Stimulation patterns for treating dry eye
Described herein are electrical stimulation patterns and methods of use thereof for treating dry eye disease, tired eye, or other forms of ocular discomfort. The methods generally include applying patterned stimulation to an anatomical structure located in an ocular region or a nasal region to increase tear production.
1. A method of using a handheld system comprising one or more stimulation electrodes and a controller, wherein the controller comprises a programmable memory storing a plurality of patterned stimulation waveforms, the method comprising:
applying a patterned electrical stimulation comprising a biphasic waveform of the plurality of patterned stimulation waveforms to a mucosal surface in a nasal region of a patient, wherein the applied patterned electrical stimulation elicits a paresthesia sensation in the patient, and
wherein the biphasic waveform comprises:
a plurality of first phase pulses, each of the first phase pulses defined by a first phase ratio comprising a first pulse duration and a first pulse amplitude, the plurality of first phase pulses comprising:
a first pulse comprising a first duration and a first amplitude; and
a second pulse comprising a second duration and a second amplitude, the second duration being greater than the first duration, and the second amplitude being less than the first amplitude; and
a plurality of second phase pulses having an opposite polarity of the first phase pulses, each of the second phase pulses defined by a second phase ratio comprising a second pulse duration and a second pulse amplitude,
wherein at least the first phase ratio varies over time, and
wherein the applying the patterned electrical stimulation further comprises:
applying, after applying the first pulse and after applying at least one second phase pulse of the plurality of second phase pulses, the second pulse.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of patterned stimulation waveforms is selectable on an interface of the handheld system.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applied patterned electrical stimulation increases tear production.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applied patterned electrical stimulation treats dry eye.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biphasic waveform of the plurality of patterned stimulation waveforms comprises a waveform shape, a peak-to-peak amplitude, and a pulse width that are modulated over time.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the waveform shape is modulated at a frequency of 0.1 Hz.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pulse width is modulated between 0 μs and 300 μs.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pulse width is modulated over time according to an exponential function.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the exponential function comprises a first time phase during which the pulse width increases over time, and a second time phase during which the pulse width decreases over time.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: increasing an intensity of the patterned electrical stimulation until the patterned electrical stimulation causes the paresthesia sensation in the patient.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first phase pulses include anodic pulses or cathodic pulses.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second phase ratio varies over time.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pulse duration and the first pulse amplitude vary over time.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second pulse duration and the second pulse amplitude vary over time.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second phase pulse of the plurality of second phase pulses comprises:
a third pulse comprising a third duration and a third amplitude.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein applying the patterned electrical stimulation further comprises: applying, after applying the first pulse, the second pulse, and the third pulse, a fourth pulse.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fourth pulse comprises a fourth duration and a fourth amplitude, the fourth duration being less than the third duration, and the fourth amplitude being greater than the third amplitude.