Photon neutralizers for neutral beam injectors
A non-resonance photo-neutralizer for negative ion-based neutral beam injectors. The non-resonance photo-neutralizer utilizes a nonresonant photon accumulation, wherein the path of a photon becomes tangled and trapped in a certain space region, i.e., the photon trap. The trap is preferably formed by two smooth mirror surfaces facing each other with at least one of the mirrors being concave. In its simplest form, the trap is elliptical. A confinement region is a region near a family of normals, which are common to both mirror surfaces. The photons with a sufficiently small angle of deviation from the nearest common normal are confined. Depending on specific conditions, the shape of the mirror surface may be one of spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, or toroidal geometry, or a combination thereof.
1. A non-resonance photo-neutralizer for neutral beam injectors comprising
first and second mirrors having opposing mirror surfaces forming a photon trap, wherein the mirror surface of the first mirror is concave and the mirror surface of the second mirror is flat, wherein the first mirror comprises a mirror assembly including a central mirror and first and second outer mirrors coupled to the central mirror.
2. The photo-neutralizer of claim 1 wherein the photon trap comprises a confinement region adjacent a family of normals common to the mirror surfaces of the first and second mirrors.
3. The photo-neutralizer of claim 1 wherein the central mirror is cylindrically shaped and the outer mirrors are conically shaped.
4. A negative ion based neutral beam injector comprising
a negative ion source, and
a non-resonance photo-neutralizer co-axially positioned with the negative ion source, wherein the photo-neutralizer including first and second mirrors having opposing mirror surfaces forming a photon trap, wherein the mirror surface of the first mirror is concave and the mirror surface of the second mirror is flat, wherein the first mirror comprises a mirror assembly including a central mirror and first and second outer mirrors coupled to the central mirror.
5. The neutral beam injector of claim 4 wherein the photon trap comprises a confinement region adjacent a family of normals common to the first and second mirror surfaces.
6. The neutral beam injector of claim 4 wherein the central mirror is cylindrically shaped and the outer mirrors are conically shaped.