Gas generating compositions and methods of making and using thereof
View Patent ↗Disclosed are gas generating compositions and methods of making and used them.
1. A gas generating composition, comprising:
from 45 to 55% by weight of a metal nitrate;
from 25 to 30% by weight of melamine nitrate; and
from 5 to 15% by weight of a nitrogen containing organic compound chosen from guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, and aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal nitrate is chosen from basic copper nitrate, a basic cobalt nitrate, a basic zinc nitrate, a basic manganese nitrate, a basic iron nitrate, a basic molybdenum nitrate, a basic bismuth nitrate, and a basic cerium nitrate.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal nitrate is basic copper nitrate.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen containing organic compound is guanidine nitrate.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 1 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal salt of perchloric acid or an alkaline earth metal salt of perchloric acid.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the salt of perchloric acid is potassium perchlorate.
7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 1 to 10% by weight of a carbonate.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the carbonate is chosen from ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, basic copper carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the carbonate is basic copper carbonate or basic bismuth carbonate.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the melamine nitrate has a particle size of less than 10 μm.
11. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additive for lubrication during pressing operation.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the additive is polyethylene in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
13. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 1 to 3% fumed silica, fumed alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum titanate, magnesium aluminate, or any combination thereof.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition, comprises:
from 45 to 55% by weight of basic copper nitrate;
from 25 to 30% by weight of melamine nitrate;
from 5 to 15% by weight of guanidine nitrate;
from 5 to 7% by weight of basic copper carbonate or basic bismuth carbonate;
from 1 to 5% by weight of potassium perchlorate;
from 1 to 3% by weight fumed silica, fumed alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum titanate, magnesium aluminate, or any combination thereof; and
from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight polyethylene.
15. A molded article, comprising the composition of claim 1 .
16. A method of forming a molded article, comprising:
combining from 45 to 55% by weight of a metal nitrate; from 25 to 30% by weight of melamine nitrate; from 5 to 15% by weight of a nitrogen containing organic compound chosen from guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, and aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, from 1 to 10% by weight of a secondary oxidizer chosen from an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of perchloric acid and carbonate, and optionally from 1 to 3% by weight of fumed silica, fumed alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum titanate, magnesium aluminate, or any combination thereof; and optionally from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight polyethylene to form a blend;
granulating the blend; and
pressing the blend into a molded article.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising jet milling the melamine nitrate before combining it with the metal nitrate and nitrogen containing organic compound.
18. Method of inflating an air bag, comprising: igniting a gas generating composition of claim 1 , in a gas generator, wherein the gas generator has an internal pressure of less than 20 MPa.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the internal pressure is less than 15 MPa.