Aerodynamic golf club head
An aerodynamic golf club head having a crown section that imparts beneficial aerodynamic properties due in part to the location of a crown apex and the curvature of the crown section.
1. A high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 ), wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.4 inches;
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a lower edge height (LEH) is the elevation of the lower edge ( 220 ) above the ground plane (GP), wherein a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches;
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP), wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f);
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) that is less than 4 inches at the crown apex ( 410 ); and
(iii) within the front-to-back vertical section a portion of the crown section ( 400 )), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) that is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 );
(iv) a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) has a density less than a portion of the sole section ( 300 ); and
D) the high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) has:
(i) a first moment of inertia (MOIy) about a vertical axis through a center of gravity (CG) of the high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) that is at least 4000 g*cm 2 ; and
(ii) a second moment of inertia (MOIx) about a horizontal axis through the center of gravity (CG) that is at least 2000 g*cm 2 .
2. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the crown section ( 400 ) at the crown apex ( 410 ) has a density less than a portion of the sole section ( 300 ).
3. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 2 , wherein a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) includes nonmetallic material.
4. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 3 , wherein the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) is less than 4 inches on a portion of the nonmetallic material crown section ( 400 ) located above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH).
5. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 4 , wherein the crown section ( 400 ) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is nonmetallic material, and less than 10% of the club head volume is above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH).
6. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 5 , wherein the crown apex ( 410 ) is behind the forwardmost point on the face ( 200 ) a distance that is a crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ), and the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ) is less than 1.75 inches.
7. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 6 , wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the greatest apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH).
8. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 7 , wherein within the heel-to-toe vertical section, the heel to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) of a portion of the crown section ( 400 ), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), is less than 3.85 inches.
9. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 7 , wherein within the heel-to-toe vertical section, the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) is less than 4 inches for all of the crown section ( 400 ) located above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH) from the crown apex ( 410 ) to a most heelward point on the face ( 200 ).
10. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 7 , wherein within the front-to-back vertical section, the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) of a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) is less than 3 inches.
11. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 7 , wherein the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ), and the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ).
12. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 7 , wherein within the front-to-back vertical section, the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) of a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) is less than 2.85 inches.
13. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 2 , wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than the greatest apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH).
14. A high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 ), wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.4 inches;
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a lower edge height (LEH) is the elevation of the lower edge ( 220 ) above the ground plane (GP), wherein a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches; and
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP), wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f);
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) that is less than 4 inches at the crown apex ( 410 );
(iii) within the front-to-back vertical section a portion of the crown section ( 400 )), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) that is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ); and
(iv) wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the greatest apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH).
15. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 14 , wherein within the heel-to-toe vertical section, the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) is less than 4 inches for all of the crown section ( 400 ) located above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH) from the crown apex ( 410 ) to a most heelward point on the face ( 200 ).
16. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 14 , wherein the apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ), and the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ).
17. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 14 , wherein the front-to-back dimension (FB) is at least 4.6 inches, the crown apex ( 410 ) is behind the forwardmost point on the face ( 200 ) a distance that is a crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ), the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ) is less than 1.75 inches, the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) in contact with the crown apex ( 410 ) is at least 25% less than the greatest apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), and the high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) has (i) a first moment of inertia (MOIy) about a vertical axis through a center of gravity (CG) of the high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) that is at least 4000 g*cm 2 , and (ii) a second moment of inertia (MOIx) about a horizontal axis through the center of gravity (CG) that is at least 2000 g*cm 2 .
18. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 14 , wherein an apex ratio of the apex height (AH) to the maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 1.13.
19. The high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 18 , wherein the apex ratio is at least 1.2.
20. A high volume aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
A) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a club head volume of at least 400 cc, a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), and a toe ( 118 ), wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a front-to-back dimension (FB) of at least 4.4 inches;
B) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (TEH) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above the ground plane (GP), and a lower edge height (LEH) is the elevation of the lower edge ( 220 ) above the ground plane (GP), wherein a maximum top edge height (TEH) is at least 2 inches, and less than 10% of the club head volume is above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH); and
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (AH) above a ground plane (GP), and the crown apex ( 410 ) is behind the forwardmost point on the face ( 200 ) a distance that is a crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ), and the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ) is less than 1.75 inches, wherein:
(i) within a front-to-back vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and perpendicular to a vertical plane created by a shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f);
(ii) within a heel-to-toe vertical section through the crown apex ( 410 ) and parallel to the vertical plane created by the shaft axis (SA), a portion of the crown section ( 400 ), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), has a heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) that is less than 4 inches; and
(iii) within the front-to-back vertical section a portion of the crown section ( 400 )), above the elevation of the maximum top edge height (TEH), between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ) has an apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) that is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 );
(iv) wherein the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the greatest apex-to-rear radius of curvature (Ra-r) located above the top edge height (TEH), and the apex-to-front radius of curvature (Ra-f) at the crown apex ( 410 ) is less than the heel-to-toe radius of curvature (Rh-t) at the crown apex ( 410 ); and
(iv) a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) is formed of nonmetallic material, and the nonmetallic portion of the crown section ( 400 ) includes the crown apex ( 410 ).