Extruded insulator for spark plug and method of making the same
An extruded insulator for a spark plug that is made in a manner that minimizes pores, relics and/or other defects in the insulator microstructure so that the overall dielectric strength or performance of the insulator is improved. The extruded insulator avoids many of the drawbacks associated with such defects, but also has a stepped internal bore for receiving a center electrode. In one embodiment, the extruded insulator is made with a method that uses a multi-phase extrusion process to extrude a ceramic paste around an elongated arbor and form an extruded section, and then removes the arbor from the extruded section to reveal a stepped internal bore.
1. An extruded insulator for use in a spark plug, comprising:
a first distal end;
a second distal end;
a core nose portion at the first distal end, a terminal portion at the second distal end, and an intermediate portion between the core nose portion and the terminal portion; and
a stepped internal bore axially extending between the first and second distal ends and including an internal step portion, wherein the extruded insulator is comprised of an extruded and fired ceramic paste and has a microstructure having a majority of grains that are aligned parallel to an extrusion axis, wherein the core nose portion, the intermediate portion, and the terminal portion are extruded together around an arbor in a single extrusion die, wherein the arbor has a first portion having a smaller diameter and a second portion having a larger diameter, wherein the first portion forms a segment of the stepped internal bore that corresponds to the nose portion and the second portion forms a segment of the stepped internal bore that corresponds to the intermediate portion and the terminal portion, and an external step portion of the arbor transitions between the first portion and the second portion of the arbor to form the internal step portion.
2. A spark plug, comprising:
a metallic shell having an internal bore;
the extruded insulator of claim 1 , the extruded insulator being disposed at least partially within the internal bore of the metallic shell;
a center electrode having an external shoulder that is complementary to the internal step portion of the extruded insulator, the center electrode being disposed at least partially within the stepped internal bore of the extruded insulator; and
a ground electrode being attached to the metallic shell.
3. The extruded insulator of claim 1 , wherein the microstructure lacks pores from hollow granules.
4. The extruded insulator of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic paste includes ceramic particles and a binder mixed together.
5. The extruded insulator of claim 4 , wherein the ceramic particles include a ceramic particle mixture having 87.7-98.19 wt % alumina; 0.84-7.3 wt % kaolin, bentonite, or a combination of kaolin and bentonite; and 0.68-4.9 wt % calcium carbonate.
6. The extruded insulator of claim 4 , wherein the ceramic particles have an average particle size of 1.2-3.5 μm.
7. The extruded insulator of claim 5 , wherein the ceramic particles include up to 1.6 wt % talc.
8. The extruded insulator of claim 5 , wherein the ceramic particles include up to 0.3 wt % zirconia.
9. An extruded insulator for use in a spark plug, comprising:
a first distal end;
a second distal end;
a core nose portion at the first distal end, a terminal portion at the second distal end, and an intermediate portion between the core nose portion and the terminal portion; and
a stepped internal bore axially extending between the first and second distal ends and including at least one internal step portion, wherein the extruded insulator is comprised of an extruded and fired ceramic paste and triangular voids are largely absent from a microstructure of the extruded insulator, the microstructure having a majority of grains that are aligned parallel to an extrusion axis, wherein the core nose portion, the intermediate portion, and the terminal portion are extruded together around an arbor in a single extrusion die, wherein the arbor has a first portion having a smaller diameter and a second portion having a larger diameter, wherein the first portion forms a segment of the stepped internal bore that corresponds to the nose portion and the second portion forms a segment of the stepped internal bore that corresponds to the intermediate portion and the terminal portion, and an external step portion of the arbor transitions between the first portion and the second portion of the arbor to form the internal step portion.
10. The extruded insulator of claim 9 , wherein the microstructure lacks pores from hollow granules.
11. The extruded insulator of claim 9 , wherein the ceramic paste includes ceramic particles and a binder mixed together.
12. The extruded insulator of claim 11 , wherein the ceramic particles include a ceramic particle mixture having 87.7-98.19 wt % alumina; 0.84-7.3 wt % kaolin, bentonite, or a combination of kaolin and bentonite; and 0.68-4.9 wt % calcium carbonate.
13. The extruded insulator of claim 11 , wherein the ceramic particles have an average particle size of 1.2-3.5 μm.
14. The extruded insulator of claim 12 , wherein the ceramic particles include up to 1.6 wt % talc.
15. The extruded insulator of claim 12 , wherein the ceramic particles include up to 0.3 wt % zirconia.
16. A spark plug, comprising:
a metallic shell having an internal bore;
the extruded insulator of claim 9 , the extruded insulator being disposed at least partially within the internal bore of the metallic shell;
a center electrode having an external shoulder that is complementary to the internal step portion of the extruded insulator, the center electrode being disposed at least partially within the stepped internal bore of the extruded insulator; and
a ground electrode being attached to the metallic shell.