Compositions for passive NO
The present disclosure relates to a substrate containing passive NO x adsorption (PNA) materials for treatment of gases, and washcoats for use in preparing such a substrate. Also provided are methods of preparation of the PNA materials, as well as methods of preparation of the substrate containing the PNA materials. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a coated substrate containing PNA materials for PNA systems, useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel or gasoline vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel or gasoline vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.
1. A method of treating an exhaust gas, comprising:
contacting a coated substrate with an exhaust gas comprising NO x emissions, wherein the coated substrate comprises:
a substrate; and
a Passive NOx Adsorber (PNA) layer comprising nano-sized platinum group metal (PGM) on a plurality of support particles comprising cerium oxide, wherein the amount of cerium oxide used in the PNA layer is from about 50 g/L to about 400 g/L.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer stores NOx gas up to at least a first temperature and releases the stored NOx gas at or above the first temperature.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first temperature is 150° C.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the PGM comprises ruthenium, the PNA layer stores NOx gas up to at least a 300° C. and releases the stored NOx gas at or above 300° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support particles are micron-sized or the plurality of support particles are nano-sized.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support particles further comprise zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles comprise composite nano-particles, wherein the composite nano-particles comprise a support-nano-particle and a PGM nano-particle.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composite nano-particles are bonded to micron-sized carrier particles to form nano-on-nano-on-micro particles.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the micron-sized carrier particles comprise cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the micron-sized carrier particles comprise 86 wt % cerium oxide, 10 wt % zirconium oxide, and 4 wt % lanthanum oxide.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composite nano-particles are embedded within carrier particles to form nano-on-nano-in-micro particles.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composite nanoparticles are plasma created.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PGM comprises palladium and/or ruthenium.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer comprises about 2 g/L to about 4 g/L palladium and/or about 3 g/L to about 15 g/L ruthenium.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer comprises greater than or equal to about 150 g/L of the plurality of support particles.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer further comprises boehmite particles.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles comprises 95% to 98% by weight of the mixture of the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles and the boehmite particles in the PNA layer and/or the boehmite particles comprise 2% to 5% by weight of the mixture of the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles and boehmite particles in the PNA layer.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises cordierite.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a honeycomb structure.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein a corner-fill layer is deposited directly on the substrate.