Apparatus for optical see-through head mounted display with mutual occlusion and opaqueness control capability

1. A compact optical see-through head-mounted display ( 300 ), capable of combining a see-through path ( 307 ) with a virtual view path ( 305 ) such that the opaqueness of the see-through path can be modulated and the virtual view occludes parts of the see-through view and vice versa, the display comprising:

a. a microdisplay ( 350 ) for generating an image to be viewed by a user, the microdisplay having a virtual view path ( 305 ) associated therewith;

b. a reflection-type spatial light modulator ( 340 ) for modifying the light from an external scene in the real world to block portions of the see-through view that are to be occluded, the spatial light modulator having a see-through path ( 307 ) associated therewith;

c. an objective optics ( 320 ), facing an external scene, configured to receive the incoming light from the external scene and to focus the light upon the spatial light modulator ( 340 ) where the objective optics is a one-reflection freeform prism comprising three optical freeform surfaces: refractive surface S 4 , reflective surface S 5 and refractive surface S 6 ;

d. a beamsplitter ( 330 ) configured to merge a digitally generated virtual image from a microdisplay ( 350 ) and a modulated see-through image of an external scene passing from a spatial light modulator, producing a combined image;

e. an eyepiece ( 310 ) configured to magnify the combined image, where the eyepiece is a one-reflection freeform prism comprising three optical freeform surfaces: refractive surface S 1 , reflective surface S 2 and refractive surface S 3 ;

f. an exit pupil ( 302 ) configured to face the eyepiece, the exit pupil whereupon the user observes the combined view of the virtual and see-through views in which the virtual view occludes portions of the see-through view;

g. a roof mirror ( 325 ) configured to reflect light from the external scene into the objective optics, where the roof mirror adds an additional reflection to revert the see-through view so as to maintain the parity between the external scene and the see-through view presented to the viewer;

wherein the mirror ( 325 ) is disposed upon the front layer ( 315 ) of the display, wherein the objective optics ( 320 ) is disposed upon the front layer ( 315 ) of the display, where the spatial light modulator ( 340 ) is disposed on the back layer ( 317 ) of the display, at or near an intermediate image plane of the see-through path, facing a side of the beam splitter ( 330 ), where the microdisplay ( 350 ) is disposed on the back layer ( 317 ) of the display, facing a different side of the beam splitter ( 330 ), where the beam splitter ( 330 ) is disposed such that the see-through path ( 307 ) is merged with the virtual view path ( 305 ) and the light from the merged path is directed to the eyepiece ( 310 ), wherein the eyepiece ( 210 ) is disposed upon the back layer ( 317 ) of the display,

whereupon the incoming light from an external scene reflected by the minor ( 325 ), enters the objective optics ( 320 ) through the refractive surface S 4 , then is reflected by the reflective surface S 5 and exits objective prism ( 320 ) through the refractive surface S 6 and forms an intermediate image at its focal plane on the spatial light modulator ( 340 ), whereupon the spatial light modulator ( 340 ) modulates the light in the see-through path to occlude portions of the see-through view, whereupon the spatial light modulator reflects the modulated light into the beam splitter ( 330 ), whereupon the light from the microdisplay ( 350 ) enters the beam splitter ( 330 ), whereupon the beamsplitter ( 330 ) merges the modulated light in the see-through path ( 307 ) with the light in the virtual view path ( 305 ) and folds toward the eyepiece ( 310 ) for viewing, whereupon the light from the beam splitter enters the eyepiece ( 310 ) through the refractive surface S 3 , then is reflected by the reflective surface S 2 and exits the eyepiece ( 310 ) through the refractive surface S 1 and reaches the exit pupil ( 302 ), where the viewer's eye is aligned to see a combined view of a virtual view and a modulated see-through view.