Capacitive foot presence sensing for footwear

1. An automated footwear system for installation in a footwear article, the automated footwear system configured to adjust a footwear article tension about a foot when the foot is detected inside the footwear article by a foot presence sensor, the automated footwear system comprising:

a capacitive foot presence sensor including multiple electrodes spaced apart by an insulator and having a foot-facing surface, the capacitive foot presence sensor configured to be disposed inside of the footwear article and configured to provide a foot presence-indicating signal that is based on an electric field between the multiple electrodes when at least one of the multiple electrodes receives a sensor drive signal, wherein the foot presence-indicating signal from the capacitive foot presence sensor includes information about changes in the electric field due to changes in proximity of the foot relative to the capacitive foot presence sensor when the foot is spaced apart from the capacitive foot presence sensor;

a dielectric member provided on the foot-facing surface of the capacitive foot presence sensor and configured to enhance a sensitivity of the capacitive foot presence sensor to changes in location of the foot relative to the capacitive foot presence sensor, the dielectric member including a material having a greater relative permittivity than air;

a tensioning device housing configured to be disposed at least partially inside of an insole, a midsole, or an outsole of the footwear article; and

a processor circuit provided inside of the tensioning device housing and configured to control a tensioning device, based on the foot presence-indicating signal from the capacitive foot presence sensor, to adjust the footwear article tension about the foot;

wherein the dielectric member and the multiple electrodes of the capacitive foot presence sensor are provided at least partially outside of the tensioning device housing and are coupled to the processor circuit.

2. The automated footwear system of claim 1 , further comprising:

the footwear article;

wherein the tensioning device housing is provided in a midsole region of the footwear article, and the capacitive foot presence sensor is provided at an upper foot-facing surface of the tensioning device housing.

3. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the processor circuit is configured to receive the foot presence-indicating signal from the capacitive foot presence sensor, and determine whether the foot is present in or absent from the footwear article using a comparison of a magnitude characteristic of the foot presence-indicating signal with a specified threshold magnitude characteristic.

4. The automated footwear system of claim 3 , further comprising an environment sensor configured to measure an environment characteristic in or near the footwear article, wherein the processor circuit is configured to change the specified threshold magnitude characteristic for use in the comparison based on a change in the environment characteristic.

5. The automated footwear system of claim 3 , wherein the processor circuit is configured to update the specified threshold magnitude characteristic for use in the comparison based on a time-varying reference capacitance signal, and wherein the time-varying reference capacitance signal changes in response to a change in a humidity or temperature characteristic of an environment that includes the system.

6. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the processor circuit is configured to receive the foot presence-indicating signal from the capacitive foot presence sensor, and determine whether the foot is present in or absent from the footwear article by determining whether a time-varying magnitude characteristic of the foot presence-indicating signal includes a magnitude change that exceeds a specified threshold change amount within a specified duration.

7. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the processor circuit is configured to receive the foot presence-indicating signal from the capacitive foot presence sensor, and determine whether the foot is present in or absent from the footwear article by determining whether a portion of a time-varying magnitude characteristic of the foot presence-indicating signal exceeds a specified time-varying signal morphology limit.

8. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the multiple electrodes include at least two comb-shaped electrodes that are spaced apart within a common plane.

9. The automated footwear system of claim 8 , wherein at least a portion of the multiple electrodes extends substantially parallel with an upper surface of the insole of the footwear article.

10. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the dielectric member comprises neoprene.

11. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the multiple electrodes of the capacitive foot presence sensor are disposed on a common flexible substrate.

12. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein the multiple electrodes include first and second comb-shaped electrodes, each comb-shaped electrode having multiple spaced apart extension members arranged parallel to a common axis, and wherein the extension members of the first and second electrodes are interleaved.

13. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , further comprising an electrical interconnect coupled to the processor circuit, and wherein the capacitive foot presence sensor is coupled to the processor circuit using the electrical interconnect.

14. The automated footwear system of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the capacitive foot presence sensor is coupled to an outer foot-facing surface of the tensioning device housing.