TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDE AEROGELS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION AND USE
Methods of forming transition metal dichalcogenide aerogels are provided. Some methods include adding at least one solvent to one or more two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide sheets to form a transition metal dichalcogenide solution and freeze drying the transition metal dichalcogenide solution to form frozen transition metal dichalcogenide, The methods also include heating the frozen transition metal dichalcogenide to form a transition metal dichalcogenide aerogel,
1 . A molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) aerogel, the MoS 2 aerogel having an electrical conductivity of about 3.4 S/m to about to about 40 S/m, a density of the aerogel is about 0.015 g/cm 3 to about 0.15 g/cm 3 and as surface area of the aerogel is about 500 m 2 /g to about 1100 m 2 /g.
2 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the aerogel is formed by freeze drying a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide solution of MoS 2 sheets and boric oxide dispersed in a solvent to form frozen transition metal dichalcogenide and heating the frozen transition metal dichalcogenide in an inert atmosphere.
3 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 1 , wherein each of the MoS 2 sheets have an area of about 1 cm 2 to about 25 cm 2 .
4 . A device comprising molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) aerogel, the MoS 2 aerogel having an electrical conductivity of about 3.4 S/m to about 40 S/m.
5 . The device of claim 4 , wherein the device comprises field-effect transistors, electrodes, sensors, photodetectors, capacitors, solar cells, light emitting diodes, thermoelectric devices, or combinations thereof.
6 . The device of claim 5 , wherein the device comprises to supercapacitor having a specific capacitance of about 2400 F/g to about 7500 F/g, an energy density of about 15 Wh/g to about 50 Wh/g, and a power density of about 375 W/kg to about 1200 W/kg.
7 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 2 , wherein the heating of the frozen transition metal dichalcogenide is performed at a temperature of about 175° C. to about 250° C.
8 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 2 , further comprising the reaction of MoS 2 with a cross-linking agent and an activating agent to form a mixture and adding a cleaving agent to the mixture to form at least one or more contiguous sheets of MoS 2 .
9 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 8 , wherein the cross-linking agent comprises 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), cystamine (C 4 H 12 N 2 S 2 -2HCl), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 3,3′-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) (DTSSP), tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride at (TCEP-HCl), dithiothreitol (DTT), or combinations thereof.
10 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 8 , wherein the activating agent comprises ammonia (NH 3 ), tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), or combinations thereof.
11 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 8 , wherein the cleaving agent comprises N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS), or combinations thereof.
12 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 8 , further comprising exfoliating, the at least one or more contiguous sheets of MoS 2 to form a plurality of two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide of MoS 2 sheets.
13 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 12 , wherein exfoliating the at least one or more contiguous sheets of MoS 2 by electromagnetic radiation.
14 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 13 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises thermal radiation, solar radiation, microwave radiation, or combinations thereof.
15 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 2 , further comprising sonicating the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide solution of MoS 2 sheets prior to freeze drying the solution.
16 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 15 , wherein the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide solution of MoS 2 sheets is sonicated for about 30 minutes to about 45 minutes.
17 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 15 , wherein the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide solution of MoS 2 sheets is sonicated at a power of about 170 Watts (W) and a duty cycle of about 180 s/cycle.
18 . The MoS 2 aerogel of claim 2 , wherein freeze drying the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide solution of MoS 2 sheets comprises freezing the solution using ice bath and salt, lyophilization or combinations thereof.
19 . A supercapacitor comprising molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) aerogel having an electrical conductivity of about 3.4 S/m to about 40 S/m, the MoS 2 aerogel comprising exfoliated MoS 2 sheets, the exfoliated sheets dispersed in a solution by sonication.
20 . The supercapacitor of claim 19 , wherein the solution formed by dispersing the exfoliated MoS 2 sheets is sprayed on a heated carbon cloth.