Crosslinked proppant-gel matrix
A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising: a) hydrating a gelling agent to form a hydrated gelling agent; b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent having a pH in the range of 11.5 to 14.0; c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; and d) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to form the proppant-gel matrix, is disclosed. The proppant-gel matrix can then be used as a fracturing fluid in a hydraulic fracturing process.
1. A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising:
a) hydrating a gelling agent to forma hydrated gelling agent;
b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent having a pH in the range of 12.1 to 14.0;
c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; and
d) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to crosslink the proppant with the gelling agent to form a proppant-gel matrix.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, hydroxyethyl guar, carboxymethyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxyethyl guar, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, locust bean gum, beta-glucan, chicle gum, dammar gum, glucomannan, mastic gum, psyllium seed husks, spruce gum, tara gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant is selected from the group consisting of raw sand, phenolic-coated sand, polyurethane-coated sand, polyamide-coated sand, polyester-coated sand, small molecule additive-coated sand, ceramics, resin-coated ceramics, polymer-coated ceramics, small molecule additive-coated ceramics, and combinations thereof.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of borax, boric acid, probertite, ulexite, nobleite, gowerite, frolovite, colemanite, meyerhofferite, inyoite, priceite, tertschite, ginorite, pinnoite, paternoite, kurnakovite, inderite, preobrazhenskite, hydroboracite, inderborite, kaliborite, veatchite, trialkoxy boron ester, a titanium alkanol amine complex, a titanium diethanolamine complex, a titanium triethanolamine complex, titanium lactate, titanium ethylene glycoate, titanium acetyleacetonate, titanium ammonium lactate, titanium diethanolamine lactate, titanium triethanolamine lactate, titanium diisopropylamine lactate, titanium sodium lactate salts, a titanium sorbitol complex, zirconium triisopropylamine, zirconium lactate, zirconium lactate triethanolamine, zirconium carbonate, zirconium oxide, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium malate, zirconium citrate, a polyhydroxy zirconium complex, and combinations thereof.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant is added to the hydrated gelling agent prior to step b) or wherein the proppant is added in step c).
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 weight percent to 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of aqueous fluid in the proppant-gel matrix.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant is present in an amount in the range of from 2 weight percent to 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the proppant-gel matrix.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crosslinking agent present an amount in the range of from 0.003 weight percent to 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of aqueous fluid in the proppant-gel matrix.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant-gel matrix has a pH in the range of from 12.2 to 13.5.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant-gel matrix has a pH in the range of from 12.2 to 12.8.
11. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the basic compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, rubidium carbonate, rubidium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, cesium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, cesium phosphate, lithium phosphate, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant is sand and the sand comprises sand grains with a measurement in the range of from 3 to 500 mesh.
13. A method for stimulating hydrocarbon production from a subterranean formation comprising injecting a fracturing fluid comprising the proppant-gel matrix of claim 1 into the subterranean formation.
14. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the proppant-gel matrix is added to a fracturing fluid.
15. A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising:
a) hydrating a gelling agent to form a hydrated gelling agent;
b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent having a pH in the range of 12.1 to 14.0;
c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a sand proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; and
d) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to crosslink the sand proppant with the gelling agent to form a sand proppant-gel matrix, wherein the gelling agent is selected from the group of guar gum, modified guar gum, and combinations thereof, wherein the basic compound comprises a compound which produces hydroxide ions in water solutions, and the cross-linking agent comprises a boron compound.