Fluorescent water treatment compounds and method of use
Disclosed herein are graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compounds or polymers, and methods of making and using. Also described herein are tagged compositions including an industrial water source treatment compound or polymer combined with a graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The tagged materials are tailored to fluoresce at wavelengths with minimized correspondence to the natural or “background” fluorescence of irradiated materials in industrial water sources, enabling quantification of the concentration of the water source treatment compound or polymer in situ by irradiation and fluorescence measurement of the water source containing the tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The fluorescence measurement methods are similarly useful to quantify mixtures of tagged and untagged water source treatment compounds or polymers present in an industrial water source.
1. A treatment composition comprising:
a graphene quantum dot covalently bonded to a paraffin inhibitor polymer, wherein the paraffin inhibiting polymer is an alpha olefin-alkyl maleic anhydride copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or an alkylphenol-formaldehyde copolymer.
2. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the covalent bond comprises a carboxyl or carboxamide group.
3. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the treatment composition luminesces at a wavelength of about 600 nm to 700 nm when excited by light having a wavelength of about 500 nm.
4. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the particle size of the graphene quantum dot is about 1 nm to 20 nm.
5. The treatment composition of claim 1 mixed with a solvent.
6. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the paraffin inhibitor polymer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an alkylphenol-formaldehyde copolymer, an acrylate homopolymer, an methacrylate homopolymer, an acrylate copolymer, a methacrylate copolymer, or a combination of two or more thereof.
7. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the alpha olefin-alkyl maleic anhydride copolymer comprises one or more alpha olefin monomers having the formula (I):
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and C 5 -C 60 alkyl, with the proviso that at least two thereof are hydrogen; and an alkyl maleic anhydride monomer having the formula (II):
wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C 30 alkyl.
8. The treatment composition of claim 5 wherein the solvent comprises about 10% to 99.9% by weight of the composition.
9. The treatment composition of claim 1 wherein the paraffin inhibitor polymer is effective to prevent deposition of petroleum-based solids on surfaces contacted by industrial water sources carrying hydrocarbons.
10. The treatment composition of claim 7 wherein the alkyl maleic anhydride monomer comprises about 0.01 to 2.0 equivalents of a C 12 -C 60 alkanol or amine per equivalent of anhydride.
11. A treatment composition comprising: a mixture of a graphene quantum dot covalently bonded to a paraffin inhibitor polymer, wherein the paraffin inhibiting polymer is an alpha olefin-alkyl maleic anhydride copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or an alkylphenol-formaldehyde copolymer; and an amount of the paraffin inhibitor polymer.
12. The treatment composition of claim 11 wherein the mixture comprises about 0.1 wt % to 98 wt % of the composition.
13. The treatment composition of claim 11 wherein the ratio of the graphene quantum dot covalently bonded to the paraffin inhibitor polymer, to the paraffin inhibitor polymer in the mixture is about 1:10 to about 1:1×10 11 by weight.