Methods and systems of managing deletes in a database node of a NoSQL database

1. A computerized method for managing deletes in a node of a Distributed Database Base System (DDBS) comprising:

providing a rule that, for a namespace in a record of the node of the DDBS that allows expiration, mandates that a later generation's expiration time of the namespace never decreases, wherein the DDBS comprises a NoSQL DDBS;

determining that an administrator of the DDBS has set an expiration time of a tombstone associated with a deleted record to infinity;

implementing a background process of the DDBS, wherein the background process scans a DDBS node's drive and flags a set of extant tombstones that are no longer covering viable namespaces or viable records, and wherein the background process is implemented without redirection pointers; and

deleting all the flagged tombstones, and

wherein a subsequent generation of the namespace in the record cannot have a shorter time to live (TTL) than its previous version in a Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) chain, and the MVCC chain is used to track a current version of the record and determine deleted and/or expired versions, and

wherein the tombstone is written with a same expiration time as a namespace the tombstone covers such that all of a plurality of deleted records expire together, wherein the TTL is provided for the deleted record, and wherein the tombstone is used to indicate the deleted record.

2. The computerized method of claim 1 , wherein the MVCC chain comprises a concurrency control method that can be used by a database management system of the NoSQL DDBS to provide a concurrent access to the NoSQL DDBS.

3. A computerized system for managing deletes in one or more nodes of a Distributed Database Base System (DDBS) comprising:

a processor configured to execute instructions;

a memory including instructions when executed on the processor causes the processor to perform operations that:

provide a rule that, for a namespace in a record of a node in the one or more nodes of the DDBS that allows expiration, mandates that a later generation's expiration time of the namespace never decreases, wherein the DDBS comprises a NoSQL DDBS;

determine that an administrator of the DDBS has set an expiration time of a tombstone associated with a deleted record to infinity;

implement a background process of the DDBS, wherein the background process scans a DDBS node's drive and flags a set of extant tombstones that are no longer covering viable namespaces or viable records, and wherein the background process is implemented without redirection pointers; and

delete all the flagged tombstones, and

wherein a subsequent generation of the namespace in the record cannot have a shorter time to live (TTL) than its previous version in a Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) chain,

use the MVCC chain to track a current version of the record and determine deleted and expired versions, and

wherein the tombstone is written with a same expiration time as a namespace the tombstone covers such that all of a plurality of deleted records expire together, wherein the TTL is provided for the deleted record, and wherein the tombstone is used to indicate the deleted record.

4. The computerized system of claim 3 , wherein the MVCC chain comprises a concurrency control method that can be used by a database management system of the NoSQL DDBS to provide a concurrent access to the NoSQL DDBS.

5. A computerized method for managing a node of a Distributed Database Base System (DDBS) comprising:

using a Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) chain to track a current version of a record and determine deleted and expired versions, wherein a subsequent generation of a namespace in the record cannot have a shorter time to live ( 1 IL) than its previous version in the MVCC chain;

creating a later generation of the record;

setting an expiration time of the later generation of the record;

determining that the expiration time of the later generation of the record is equal to or greater than a previous generation's expiration time;

determining that an administrator of the DDBS has set an expiration time of a tombstone associated with a deleted record of the node of the DDBS to infinity;

implementing a background process of the DDBS, wherein the background process scans a DDBS node's drive and flags a set of extant tombstones that are no longer covering viable namespaces or viable records, and wherein the background process is implemented without redirection pointers; and

deleting all the flagged tombstones.

6. The computerized method of claim 5 , wherein the tombstone is written with a same expiration time as a namespace the tombstone covers such that all of a plurality of deleted records expire together.

7. The computerized method of claim 6 further comprising: providing a rule that, for a namespace in the record that allows expiration, mandates that a later generation's expiration time of the namespace never decreases.