Apparatus for the generation, distribution and/or usage of electrical energy and component for such an apparatus
The present invention relates to an electrical apparatus having an insulating space which contains a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound. At least one solid component of the apparatus that is directly exposed to the insulation fluid contains a basic body made of a first material and a protective layer made of a second material different from the first material, the protective layer being directly or indirectly applied on the basic body and having a thickness of at least 50 μm. The organofluorine compound is selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers, fluoroketones, fluoroolefins, fluoronitriles, and mixtures thereof, and the first material comprises or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of: a polymeric material, a ceramic, a composite material, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
1. An apparatus for the generation, transmission, distribution and/or usage of electrical energy, the apparatus comprising:
a housing enclosing an insulating space and an electrically conductive part arranged in the insulating space, the insulating space containing a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound, at least one solid component of the apparatus being directly exposed to the insulation fluid, wherein the at least one solid component that is directly exposed to the insulation fluid contains a basic body made of a first material and a protective layer made of a second material different from the first material, a first side of the protective layer being directly or indirectly applied on the basic body, the protective layer having a thickness of at least 50 μm,
wherein the organofluorine compound is selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers, fluoroketones, fluoroolefins, fluoronitriles, and mixtures thereof, and
wherein the first material is an insulating material and consists of a material selected from the group consisting of: a polymeric material, a ceramic, a composite material, and mixtures or combinations thereof;
wherein the second material comprises a polymeric material;
wherein at operational conditions of the apparatus the reactivity of the second material towards the organofluorine compound is lower than the reactivity of the first material towards the organofluorine compound; and
wherein the surface of the protective layer is smoother than the surface of the basic body.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is made of dielectric material.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness of at least 100 μm.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness in the range 50 μm to 100 μm.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material of the protective layer has a glass transition temperature higher than 100° C.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material of the protective layer has a crosslinking density in the range from 50% to 100%.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is applied indirectly onto the basic body, and between the basic body and the protective layer a reinforcement layer is arranged.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is a lacquer.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the solid component has a first side oriented towards the insulation fluid and a second side remote from the first side and not being oriented towards the insulation fluid, the protective layer being applied on the side of the basic body facing the first side of the solid component.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein on a second side of the protective layer disposed remote from the basic body a surface of the protective layer is directly exposed to the insulation fluid.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second material has no reactivity towards the organofluorine compound or any degradation product thereof at operational conditions of the apparatus; and/or the protective layer is for protecting the basic body from reacting with the insulation fluid.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is a coating, a lacquer, a painting, or a combination thereof applied on the basic body, and the protective layer forms a non-self-supporting structure.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is made of dielectric material or sem iconductive material or slightly conducting material or metallic material, or forms a multi-layer coating containing a combination of such materials.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the organofluorine compound is selected from the group consisting of: hydrofluoroethers, in particular hydrofluoromonoethers, perfluoroethers, perfluoroketones, hydrofluoroolefins, perfluoronitriles, and mixtures thereof.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation fluid comprises a fluoroketone containing from four to twelve carbon atoms.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation fluid comprises a hydrofluoromonoether containing at least three carbon atoms.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation fluid comprises air or at least one air component selected from the group consisting of: oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and mixtures thereof.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation fluid comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a mixture with oxygen.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein the insulation fluid comprises carbon dioxide and oxygen and the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide to the amount of oxygen ranges from 50:50 to 100:1.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is part of or is a: high voltage apparatus, medium voltage apparatus, low voltage apparatus, direct-current apparatus, switchgear, air-insulated switchgear, part or component of air-insulated switchgear, gas-insulated metal-encapsulated switchgear (GIS), part or component of gas-insulated metal-encapsulated switchgear, gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), busbar, bushing, gas-insulated cable, cable joint, current transformer, voltage transformer, sensors, humidity sensors, surge arrester, capacitor, inductance, resistor, current limiter, high voltage switch, earthing switch, disconnector, combined disconnector and earthing switch, load-break switch, circuit breaker, gas circuit breaker, gas-insulated vacuum circuit breaker, generator circuit breaker, medium voltage switch, ring main unit, recloser, sectionalizer, low voltage switch, any type of gas-insulated switch, transformer, distribution transformer, power transformer, tap changer, transformer bushing, electrical rotating machine, generator, motor, drive, semiconducting device, power semiconductor device, power converter, converter station, convertor building; and components and/or combinations of such devices.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the solid component or its basic body is or are a solid insulator or post insulator or compartment insulator or GIS insulator arranged or for being arranged in a medium-voltage GIS or high-voltage GIS, or is a GIL insulator or transformer insulator for a gas-insulated transformer or a solid insulation in a gas-insulated cable, wherein the protective layer is made of a dielectric material or semiconductive material or slightly conducting material, or forms a multi-layer containing a combination of such materials.
22. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the solid component or its basic body is or are a sealing component, wherein the protective layer is made of a semiconductive material or slightly conducting material or metallic material, or forms a multi-layer containing a combination of such materials.
23. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of: epoxy resins, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
24. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of: polyimide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polysulfone, polyetherimide, polyether ether ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon polymers, fluorinated polymers, silicone, as well as combinations thereof, when the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm.
25. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of: polyimide, polypropylene, polystyrene, aromatic hydrocarbon polymers, fluorinated polymers, polyamide, an ethylene-monochlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, as well as combinations thereof, when the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 60 μm to 100 μm.
26. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a density of the second material is greater than 120 kg/m 3 .
27. A method for preventing reaction of at least one solid component of an apparatus for the generation, transmission, distribution and/or usage of electrical energy, the apparatus comprising a housing enclosing an insulating space and an electrically conductive part arranged in the insulating space, the insulating space containing a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound, at least one solid component of the apparatus being directly exposed to the insulation fluid, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a basic body of the at least one solid component, the basic body being made of a first material, and
b) applying onto the surface of the basic body a protective layer made of a second material,
wherein at operational conditions of the apparatus the reactivity of the second material towards the organofluorine compound is lower than the reactivity of the first material towards the organofluorine compound; and
wherein the surface of the protective layer is smoother than the surface of the basic body.
28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein the material of the protective layer has no reactivity towards the insulation fluid at operational conditions of the apparatus.
29. A method for enhancing the dielectric performance of an electrical apparatus for the generation, transmission, distribution and/or usage of electrical energy, the apparatus comprising a housing enclosing an insulating space and an electrically conductive part arranged in the insulating space, the insulating space containing a dielectric insulation fluid comprising an organofluorine compound, with at least one solid component of the apparatus being directly exposed to the insulation fluid, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a basic body of the at least one solid component, the basic body being made of a first material, and
b) applying onto the surface of the basic body a coating made of a second material,
wherein the surface of the coating is smoother than the surface of the basic body, and
wherein at operational conditions of the apparatus the reactivity of the second material towards the organofluorine compound is lower than the reactivity of the first material towards the organofluorine compound.