Thermal solution for prismatic lithium ion battery pack
A lithium ion battery pack includes a plurality of prismatic lithium polymer cells and one or more graphite heat spreaders. Each spreader has at least two major surfaces and is made of one of a sheet of a compressed mass of exfoliated graphite particles, a graphitized polyimide sheet, or combinations thereof.
1. A lithium ion battery pack comprising:
a plurality of battery cells arranged in a stack, the stack having a center and opposed ends, wherein each battery cell is an individual battery cell; and
a pair of graphite heat spreaders with each graphite heat spreader having a U-shaped configuration in cross-section and having a first leg, a second leg and a third leg, the first leg positioned between adjacent battery cells in the stack, the third leg being positioned adjacent at least one battery cell in the stack, the first leg being positioned closer to the center than the third leg, the second leg connecting the first leg to the third leg, each graphite heat spreader having at least two major surfaces and an in-plane thermal conductivity of greater than about 300 W/mK at room temperature, wherein each graphite heat spreader comprises at least one sheet of flexible graphite,
wherein the at least one sheet of flexible graphite comprises a sheet of a compressed mass of exfoliated graphite particles, a graphitized polyimide sheet and combinations thereof, and
wherein the pair of graphite heat spreaders are positioned at opposite ends of the stack.
2. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the third leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders extends between two of the battery cells.
3. The battery pack of claim 2 wherein the stack of the plurality of battery cells comprises at least five battery cells including a first battery cell, a second battery cell adjacent the first battery cell, a third battery cell adjacent the second battery cell, a fourth battery cell adjacent the third battery cell, and a fifth battery cell adjacent the fourth battery cell, wherein the third leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders is positioned between the first battery cell and the second battery cell and the first leg of that graphite heat spreader is positioned between the third battery cell and the fourth battery cell.
4. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the third leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders extends along an exterior facing major surface of one of the battery cells disposed at an exterior end of the battery pack.
5. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the third leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders extends generally perpendicular from the second leg of that graphite heat spreader.
6. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the first leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders is positioned between adjacent battery cells in the stack and is sized to contact at least half of the opposed major surfaces of the adjacent battery cells.
7. The battery pack of claim 6 wherein the first leg positioned between adjacent battery cells in the stack is sized to contact all of the opposed major surfaces of the adjacent battery cells.
8. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the first leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders includes a portion on the end of the first leg opposed from the second leg of that graphite heat spreader which extends outwardly beyond the edge of the stack.
9. The battery pack of claim 8 wherein the portion extends outwardly at least 5 mm from the edge of the stack.
10. The battery pack of claim 8 wherein the portion extends outwardly at least 50 mm from the edge of the stack.
11. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the third leg of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders includes a portion on the end of the third leg opposed from the second leg of that graphite heat spreader which extends outwardly beyond the edge of the stack.
12. The battery pack of claim 11 wherein the portion extends outwardly at least 5 mm from the edge of the stack.
13. The battery pack of claim 11 wherein the portion extends outwardly at least 50 mm from the edge of the stack.
14. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein at least one heat spreader is a single contiguous sheet.
15. The battery pack of claim 14 wherein the radius at junctions between the first and second legs and between the second and third legs of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders is less than 1 cm.
16. The battery pack of claim 14 wherein the radius at junctions between the first and second legs and between the second and third legs of at least one of the graphite heat spreaders is less than 1 mm.
17. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein third legs of the pair of graphite heat spreaders are at opposed ends of the stack.
18. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the first leg of each of the graphite heat spreaders is positioned between the first and third legs of the other of the pair of graphite heat spreaders.
19. The battery pack of claim 1 wherein the first leg of a first graphite heat spreader is not positioned between the first and third legs of the other of the pair of graphite heat spreaders.