Heat exchanger system and method of operation
A method of operating a heat exchanger is disclosed in which an electric field is applied to a hydrophobic surface having condensed water droplets thereon to reduce a contact angle between the individual droplet surfaces and the hydrophobic surface, and to increase droplet surface energy to a second surface energy level. The electric field is removed to increase the contact angle between the individual droplet surfaces and the hydrophobic surface, and to reduce droplet surface energy to a third surface energy level. The third surface energy level is greater than the first surface energy level and greater than a surface energy level for a free droplet. A portion of the droplet surface energy is converted to kinetic energy to detach droplets from the hydrophobic surface. The detached droplets are removed from the heat rejection side fluid flow path.
1. A method of operating a heat exchanger, comprising
rejecting heat from a gas comprising water vapor on a heat rejection side fluid flow path to a heat absorption side of the heat exchanger to form liquid droplets of condensed water at a first surface energy level on a hydrophobic surface of the heat exchanger on the heat rejection side fluid flow path that is in thermal communication with the heat absorption side of the heat exchanger;
applying an electric field to the hydrophobic surface to reduce a contact angle between the individual droplets surfaces and the hydrophobic surface and increase droplets surface energy to a second surface energy level; and
removing the electric field to increase the contact angle between the individual droplets surfaces and the hydrophobic surface, and reduce droplets surface energy to a third surface energy level greater than the first surface energy level and greater than a surface energy level for a free droplets, converting a portion of the droplets surface energy to kinetic energy to detach droplets from the hydrophobic surface; and
removing detached droplets from the heat rejection side fluid flow path, wherein
fluid flow on the heat rejection side fluid flow path is pulsed in timed coordination with removal of the electric field to provide a pulse flow velocity that entrains detached droplets, or
contaminants from the gas are captured into the droplets by applying an electrostatic charge to the contaminants, or
the method includes measuring a pressure differential between a heat rejection side fluid flow path inlet and outlet and applying the electric field in response to the measured pressure differential, or
the method includes measuring a temperature differential between a temperature of the hydrophobic surface and an ambient dew point temperature higher than the hydrophobic surface temperature and applying the electric field in response to the measured temperature differential.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein fluid flow on the heat rejection side fluid flow path is pulsed in timed coordination with removal of the electric field to provide a pulse flow velocity that entrains detached droplets.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein contaminants from the gas are captured into the droplets and an electric field is applied to impart an electrostatic charge to the contaminants.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is applied in response to a pressure differential between a heat rejection side fluid flow path inlet and outlet.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is applied in response to a differential between a temperature of the hydrophobic surface and an ambient dew point temperature higher than the hydrophobic surface temperature.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is pulsed in a cycle pattern comprising alternating on and off periods wherein the duration of the off period is equal to or longer than the duration of the on period.