Cooling tower with indirect heat exchanger
A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section includes a series of serpentine tubes, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section including a series of serpentine tubes with run sections and return bend sections of both normal and increased height. A direct heat exchange section may be provided in the vertical spacing between run sections formed by the increased height return bends.
1. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect evaporative heat exchange section, the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways, the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet, the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section, distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section, the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section exchanging both heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section,
the air moving through the direct heat exchange section exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the direct heat exchange section,
distributing substantially all of the evaporative liquid leaving the indirect heat exchange section generally downward onto the direct heat exchange section,
distributing substantially all of the air exiting the direct section to the inlet and of the indirect section wherein two direct heat exchange sections and two indirect heat exchange sections are provided, with one indirect heat exchange section located generally above one direct heat exchange section, with the second indirect heat exchange section located generally above the second direct heat exchange section.
2. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , further comprising: collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that exits the direct heat exchange section, and pumping the collected evaporative liquid upwardly such that it can be distributed generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section.
3. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving first through the direct heat exchange section and then through the indirect section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid.
4. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the indirect heat exchanger is comprised of a coil type heat exchanger wherein each coil is comprised of a connected series of run sections and bend sections.
5. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the indirect heat exchanger is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger.
6. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the direct heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the direct heat exchange section and the air exiting the direct section enters the indirect section wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
7. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air enters into the bottom section of the bottom direct heat exchange section, travels substantially serially through the bottom direct heat exchange section, then through the bottom indirect section, then through the top direct heat exchange section, then through the top indirect heat exchange section in a generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid.
8. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
9. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect evaporative heat exchange section, the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of flow pathways,
the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet, the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section, the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section, an inlet header and an outlet header operatively connected such that the fluid stream can pass into and out from the flow pathways in the indirect heat exchanger wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream.
10. The method of exchanging heat of claim 9 wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a coil type heat exchange assembly, the coil type heat exchange assembly comprised of a series of run sections and bend sections.
11. The method of exchanging heat of claim 9 , wherein the indirect heat exchanger is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger.
12. The method of exchanging heat of claim 9 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream through the indirect heat exchange section.
13. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect evaporative heat exchange section, the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways, the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet, the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section, distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section, the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section exchanging both heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section,
the air moving through the direct heat exchange section exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the direct heat exchange section,
distributing substantially all of the evaporative liquid leaving the indirect heat exchange section generally downward onto the direct heat exchange section,
distributing substantially all of the air exiting the direct section to the inlet and of the indirect section wherein two direct heat exchange sections and two indirect heat exchange sections are provided, with one indirect heat exchange section located generally above one direct heat exchange section, with the second indirect heat exchange section located generally above the second direct heat exchange section
wherein two direct heat exchange sections are provided, with the indirect heat exchange section located generally between both direct heat exchange sections.
14. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect evaporative heat exchange section, the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of flow pathways,
the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet, the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section, the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section, an inlet header and an outlet header operatively connected such that the fluid stream can pass into and out from the flow pathways in the indirect heat exchanger wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream wherein two direct heat exchange sections and two indirect heat exchange sections are provided, with one indirect heat exchange section located generally above one direct heat exchange section and the second indirect heat exchange section located generally above the second direct heat exchange section.
15. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect evaporative heat exchange section, the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of flow pathways,
the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet, the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section, the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section, an inlet header and an outlet header operatively connected such that the fluid stream can pass into and out from the flow pathways in the indirect heat exchanger wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream wherein two direct heat exchange sections are provided, and the indirect heat exchange section located generally between the direct heat exchange sections.