Oral muscle training

1. A trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation device comprising a mouthpiece, at least one electrode associated with the mouthpiece and electrical circuitry operatively connected to the electrode, wherein the mouthpiece comprises a member configured to bear against, in use, the dorsal surface of a tongue to enable electrical stimulation to be provided from the electrode to tongue muscles via the dorsal surface of the tongue and through the oral mucosa to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.

2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a pair of arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, the member comprising a flange extending inwardly from one of the arms for bearing against the dorsal surface of the tongue.

3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a further flange extending inwardly from one of the arms, which further flange is configured to bear against, in use, a sublingual tongue surface.

4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the member comprises a pair of flanges each extending inwardly from a respective arm, which flanges are configured to bear against, in use, a respective dorsal tongue surface.

5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the member comprises a pair of further flanges each extending inwardly from a respective arm, which further flanges are shaped to accommodate a respective sublingual tongue surface.

6. The device according to claim 5 , wherein each of the pair of flanges shaped to accommodate a respective dorsal tongue surface extends from at or adjacent a free end of the respective arm and each of the pair of further flanges shaped to accommodate a respective sublingual tongue surface extends from an intermediate portion of the respective arm.

7. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the pair of flanges configured to bear against, in use, the respective dorsal tongue surface comprise a first series of electrodes operable to provide a first electrical current and the pair of further flanges shaped to accommodate a respective sublingual tongue surface comprise a second series of electrodes operable to provide a second electrical current configurable or settable independently from the first current.

8. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a controller programmed or programmable to control one or more features of the electrical stimulation according to a predetermined treatment regime.

9. A trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation device comprising a mouthpiece which is free of a mounting retainer for securing the mouthpiece to the teeth of a user and having a pair of arms, which arms are joined together at one end and diverge away from each other, a flange which extends from each arm, the mouthpiece being locatable within the mouth of a user such that each flange bears against a sublingual surface of the tongue, each flange comprising at least one electrode and electrical circuitry operatively connected to each electrode, to enable electrical stimulation to be provided from the electrode to tongue muscles via the sublingual surface of the tongue to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.

10. A device according to claim 9 , wherein each arm comprises a further flange at or adjacent a distal portion of each arm, each further flange being configured to bear against a dorsal surface of the tongue, in use.

11. A device according to claim 10 , wherein the mouthpiece is formed from silicone.

12. A method treating sleep disordered breathing by training one or more oral muscles by trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation, the method comprising locating a mouthpiece within the mouth of a patient, the mouthpiece having a pair of arms, which arms are joined together at one end and diverge away from each other, a flange which extends from each arm to bear against a sublingual surface of the tongue and each flange comprising at least one electrode, applying electrical stimulation via the electrodes to tongue muscles via the sublingual surface of the tongue through the oral mucosa to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.

13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the method is conducted whilst the patient is awake.

14. A method according to claim 12 , the method comprising applying the electrical stimulation for a first period of from between 1 minute and 1 hour.

15. A method according to claim 12 , comprising applying the electrical stimulation as a first electrical current and applying a second electrical current.

16. A method according to claim 15 , comprising applying the first electrical current to the dorsal tongue surface via a further flange extending from each of one of the arms of the mouthpiece and applying the second electrical current sublingually.

17. A method according to claim 15 , comprising applying the first electrical current and the second electrical current simultaneously.

18. A method according to claim 15 , comprising applying the first electrical current and the second electrical current in series or in sequence or in succession.

19. A method treating sleep disordered breathing by training one or more oral muscles by trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation, the method comprising locating a mouthpiece within the mouth of a patient, the mouthpiece having a pair of arms, which arms are joined together at one end and diverge away from each other, a flange which extends from each arm to bear against a dorsal surface of the tongue and each flange comprising at least one electrode, applying electrical stimulation via the electrodes to tongue muscles via the dorsal surface of the tongue through the oral mucosa to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.

20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the method is conducted whilst the patient is awake.