Device and method for producing medical isotopes
A hybrid nuclear reactor that is operable to produce a medical isotope includes an ion source operable to produce an ion beam from a gas, a target chamber including a target that interacts with the ion beam to produce neutrons, and an activation cell positioned proximate the target chamber and including a parent material that interacts with the neutrons to produce the medical isotope via a fission reaction. An attenuator is positioned proximate the activation cell and selected to maintain the fission reaction at a subcritical level, a reflector is positioned proximate the target chamber and selected to reflect neutrons toward the activation cell, and a moderator substantially surrounds the activation cell, the attenuator, and the reflector.
1. A method of producing a medical isotope, the method comprising:
exciting a gas to produce an ion beam;
passing the ion beam to a target chamber including a target, the target and the ion beam reacting via a fusion reaction to produce neutrons, wherein the target comprises deuterium, tritium, or helium, or a combination thereof;
reacting at least some of the neutrons with a neutron multiplier to produce additional neutrons;
passing at least some of the neutrons to a neutron moderator and producing thermal neutrons;
positioning a parent material in an aqueous solution within an annular activation cell positioned proximate the target chamber;
maintaining a fission reaction at a subcritical level between the parent material and at least some of the neutrons, at least some of the additional neutrons, and at least some of the thermal neutrons; and
producing the medical isotope via the fission reaction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas includes one of deuterium and tritium and the target includes the other of deuterium and tritium.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target comprises a gas.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein RF resonance is used to produce the ion beam.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising accelerating the ion beam with an accelerator positioned between the target chamber and an ion source operable to produce the ion beam from a gas.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target chamber defines a target path that is substantially linear.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising positioning at least one magnet to define a magnetic field that collimates the ion beam within at least a portion of the target path.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target chamber defines a target path that is substantially helical.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising positioning at least one magnet to define a magnetic field that directs the ion beam along the helical path.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target chamber and an ion source operable to produce the ion beam from a gas together at least partially define one of a plurality of fusion reactors, and wherein the plurality of fusion reactors are positioned proximate the annular activation cell.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parent material comprises uranium enriched to 20% or less of 235 U and the medical isotope is 99 Mo.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutron multiplier is annular and is concentric with the annular activation cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutron moderator is positioned radially outward the annular activation cell.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutron moderator comprises H 2 O, D 2 O, or a combination thereof.