Photocathodes with protective in-situ graphene gas barrier films and method of making the same
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a photocathode may include: a mesh having a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface, and including metallic, semiconductor or ceramic mesh grid with micron-sized openings in the mesh; a photosensitive film on the first surface of the mesh and extending at least partially into the openings of the mesh; and a graphene layer including one or more graphene sheets on the second surface of the mesh.
1. A method for manufacturing a photocathode, the method comprising:
depositing a graphene layer on a carrier substrate to form a graphene layer-carrier laminate;
applying a polymer film on the graphene layer to form a polymer film-graphene layer-carrier laminate;
removing the carrier substrate from the polymer film-graphene layer-carrier laminate to form a polymer film-graphene layer laminate;
attaching a mesh to the polymer film-graphene layer laminate to form a polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate, the mesh comprising metallic, semiconductor or ceramic mesh grid with micron-sized openings in the mesh;
removing the polymer film from the polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate to form a graphene layer-mesh laminate; and
depositing a photosensitive film on the graphene layer-mesh laminate to form a graphene layer-mesh-photosensitive film laminate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer has a first surface contacting the mesh and the photosensitive film, and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface being a free surface.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depositing of the graphene layer is through chemical-vapor-deposition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing of the carrier substrate from the polymer film-graphene layer-carrier laminate comprises:
etching of the carrier substrate or peeling off of the carrier substrate utilizing a mechanical force.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the polymer film on the graphene layer is through spin coating.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing of the polymer film from the polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate comprises etching the polymer film utilizing acetone.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attaching of the mesh to the polymer film-graphene layer laminate to form a polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate is through directly contacting the mesh with a surface of the graphene layer opposite to a surface in contact with the polymer film.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising prior to the depositing of the photosensitive film on the graphene layer-mesh laminate:
forming an other polymer film-graphene layer laminate by repeating acts from the depositing of a graphene layer on a carrier substrate to the removing of the carrier substrate from the polymer film-graphene layer-carrier laminate;
attaching the other polymer film-graphene layer laminate on the graphene layer-mesh laminate to form an other polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate; and
removing the polymer film from the other polymer film-graphene layer-mesh laminate to form an other graphene layer-mesh laminate.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a sealing layer on the photosensitive film to form a graphene layer-mesh-photosensitive film-sealing layer laminate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sealing layer has a first surface in contact with the photosensitive film, and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface being a free surface.