High Capacity Energy Storage
An energy storage device includes a nano-structured cathode. The cathode includes a conductive substrate, and underframe and an active layer. The underframe includes structures such as nano-filaments and/or aerogel. The active layer optionally includes a catalyst disposed within the active layer, the catalyst being configured to catalyze the dissociation of cathode active material.
1 . A method for fabricating an electrode, comprising
providing a substrate;
depositing a seed layer on the substrate;
creating initiation sites in the seed layer for underframe growth;
grow the underframe; and
grow or deposit an energy storage system.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is cleaned prior to depositing a seed layer on the substrate.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the seed layer is deposited through a gas phase deposition, a liquid phase deposition or a solid phase deposition.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the initiation sites are created upon reaching a reaction temperature in combination with a flow of feedstock gas so that the feedstock gas begins to catalyze the seed layer.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the underframe growth is achieved by chemical vapor deposition, thermal chemical vapor deposition, vapor-liquid-solid growth, or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the process of growth is conducted so as to affect the diameter and number of branches of the underframe.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the growth or deposit of the energy storage system is achieved through a gas phase deposition/growth, and a liquid phase deposition/growth, a solid phase deposition/growth, or a combination thereof.