Achromatic anastigmatic anamorphic objective
In a flow cytometer, an objective lens for focusing an input laser-radiation beam including at least four different laser-radiation wavelengths in a common plane includes only three singlet lens-elements. Two of the elements are cylindrical elements arranged as a cylindrical telescope for shaping and reducing the size of the input laser-beam. The third element is a spherical element arranged to focus the reduced size beam in the common plane. In one example, all three elements are made from the same optical material.
1. Optical apparatus comprising
at least first, second, third, and fourth lasers delivering respectively first, second, third, and fourth component laser-beams at respectively first, second, third, and fourth wavelengths;
a beam combiner arranged to combine the first, second, third, and fourth component laser-beams into a combined beam; and
an objective lens including only three singlet optical elements arranged to receive the combined laser-beam and focus the combined laser-beam such that the component laser-beams thereof are all focused about in a common focal plane, wherein the three singlet optical elements are first, second, and third single optical elements arranged in sequential order along the propagation direction of the combined laser beam, said first and second singlet optical elements are cylindrical elements and the third singlet optical element is a spherical element.
2. Optical apparatus comprising
at least first, second, third, and fourth lasers delivering respectively first, second, third, and fourth component laser-beams at respectively first, second, third, and fourth wavelengths, wherein the first second third and fourth wavelengths are respectively about 405 nm, about 488, about 561 nm, and about 637 nm;
a beam combiner arranged to combine the first, second, third, and fourth component laser-beams into a combined beam; and
an objective lens including only three singlet optical elements arranged to receive the combined laser-beam and focus the combined laser-beam such that the component laser-beams thereof are all focused about in a common focal plane.
3. Optical apparatus comprising
at least first, second, third, and fourth lasers delivering respectively first, second, third, and fourth component laser-beams at respectively first, second, third, and fourth wavelengths, with the wavelengths decreasing in numerical order of recitation;
first, second, third, and fourth telescopes arranged to expand the component laser beams into respectively first, second, third, and fourth collimated component laser beams having respectively first, second, third, and fourth beam diameters with the beam diameters decreasing in numerical order of recitation;
a beam combiner arranged to combine the first, second, third, and fourth collimated component laser-beams into a combined beam; and
an objective lens including only three singlet optical elements arranged to receive the combined laser-beam and focus the combined laser-beam such that the component laser-beams thereof are all focused about in a common focal plane.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth beam diameters decrease in about a linear relationship with the respective wavelengths.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the three singlet optical elements consist of a first cylindrical element having a focal length f CL1 , second cylindrical element having a focal length f CL2 , and a spherical element having a focal length f FFL arranged sequentially in a direction of propagation of the combined beam, and
wherein f CLl , f CL2 , and f FFL are related by an equation
f CL1 −f CL2 =G * f FFL
where G is between about 0.7 and about 1.4.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein G is between about 0.9 and about 1.1.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , further including a fifth laser delivering a fifth component laser beam having a wavelength less than that of the fourth component laser beam, a fifth telescope expand the fifth component laser beams into a collimated component laser beam having a fifth diameter less than the fourth diameter, and wherein the beam combiner is arranged to combine all five collimated component beams into the combined beam.