Process for the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with monophosphine ligands
The invention relates to a process comprising the following process steps: a) introducing an ethylenically unsaturated compound; b) adding a monophosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd, or adding a complex comprising Pd and a monophosphine ligand; c) adding an aliphatic alcohol; d) supplying CO; e) heating the reaction mixture, the ethylenically unsaturated compound being reacted to form an ester; where the monophosphine ligand is a compound of formula (I) where R 1 is selected from —(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —O—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —O—(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl, —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-heterocycloalkyl, —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl; R 2 is selected from —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-heterocycloalkyl, —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl; R 3 is —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl; and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —(C 3 -C 12 )-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —O—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl-(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl, —O—(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —S—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —S—(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —COO—(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —CONH—(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —CO—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —CO—(C 3 -C 12 )-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl] 2 , —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl, —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl-O—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl, —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —(C 3 -C 20 )-heteroaryl-O—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, —COOH, —OH, —SO 3 H, —NH 2 , halogen.
1. A regioselective process for preparing an ester comprising the following process steps:
a) introducing an ethylenieally unsaturated compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, forming a reaction mixture;
b) adding a monophosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd, or adding a complex comprising Pd and a monophosphine ligand;
c) adding an aliphatic alcohol;
d) supplying CO;
e) heating the reaction mixture, the ethylenically unsaturated compound being reacted with the epithelium CO and aliphatic alcohol to form the ester; where the monophosphine ligand is
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is selected from the group consisting of ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1,3-butadiene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, hexene, tetramethylethylene, heptene, 1-octene, 2-octene, di-n-butene, and mixtures thereof.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising Pd in process step b) is selected from the group consisting of palladium dichloride, palladium(II) acetylacetonate, palladium(II) acetate, dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)palladium(II), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, bis(acetonitrile)dichloro-palladium(II), and palladium(cinnamyl) dichloride.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol in process step c) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 3-pentanol, cyclohexanol, and mixtures thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol in process step c) is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol.