Devices, systems and methods for the treatment of medical disorders
The present disclosure relates to methods, devices and systems used for the treatment of medical disorders via stimulation of the superficial elements of the trigeminal nerve. More specifically, cutaneous methods of stimulation of the superficial branches of the trigeminal nerve located extracranially in the face, namely the supraorbital, supratrochlear, infraorbital, auriculotemporal, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticoorbital, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital, nasal and mentalis nerves (also referred to collectively as the superficial trigeminal nerve) are disclosed herein.
1. A method, comprising:
contacting an external cutaneous electrode assembly with a patient's forehead by applying a first contact of the external cutaneous electrode assembly over or adjacent to a supraorbital nerve on one side of the patient's forehead and applying a second contact of the external cutaneous electrode assembly over or adjacent to a remaining supraorbital nerve on an opposing side of the patient's forehead; and
applying electrical signals to the external cutaneous electrode assembly to stimulate the supraorbital nerves at the patient's forehead, while minimizing current penetration into a brain of the patient, to modulate a body system of the patient by increasing activation of a medial prefrontal cortex, a superior frontal gyrus, a lateral frontal cortex, and a middle temporal gyrus and/or inhibiting a superior parietal cortex and a temporal-occipital cortex to treat a medical disorder, the medical disorder selected from the group consisting of attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at a frequency between 20 and 300 Hertz, at a pulse duration between 50 and 500 microseconds, at an output current density of not greater than 10 mA/cm 2 and a charge density of not greater than 10 microCoulomb/cm 2 at the patient's cerebral cortex.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at a frequency between 20 and 300 Hertz, at a current of 0.1 to 3 milliamperes (mA), and at a pulse duration of less than or equal to 500 microseconds.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at an output current density of not greater than 10 mA/cm 2 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at an output current density of between 2.5 and 5 mA/cm 2 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at an output current density of not greater than 7 mA/cm 2 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying electrical signals at an output current density of not greater than 5 mA/cm 2 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises applying the electrical signals to the first contact independent from the second contact.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrical signals comprises adjusting the electrical signals to the first contact independent from the second contact.