Physiological measurement using wearable device
A wearable device includes a detector configured to detect a response signal transmitted from a portion of subsurface vasculature, the response signal being related to binding of a clinically-relevant analyte to functionalized particles present in a lumen of the subsurface vasculature. Program instructions stored in a computer readable medium of the device, and executable by a processor, may cause the device to determine a concentration of the clinically-relevant analyte based on the response signal detected by the detector; determine whether a medical condition is indicated based on at least the concentration of the clinically-relevant analyte; and, in response to a determination that the medical condition is indicated, transmit data representative of the medical condition via the communication interface. The device may also include a signal source configured to transmit an interrogating signal into the portion of subsurface vasculature, thereby generating a response signal in response to the interrogating signal.
1. A wearable device, comprising:
a mount for mounting the wearable device to an external surface of a body proximate to a portion of subsurface vasculature;
a magnet;
a detector;
a communication interface;
a processor;
a non-transitory computer-readable medium; and
program instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the wearable device to perform functions comprising:
operating the magnet to direct a magnetic field into the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the magnetic field causes magnetic nanoparticles that have been introduced into the body to collect in a lumen of the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles each comprise a marker, wherein the marker is a fluorophore, an autofluorescent marker, a luminescent marker, or a chemo-luminescent marker, and wherein the marker produces fluorescence radiation indicative of an analyte;
operating the detector to detect the fluorescence radiation produced by the marker in the magnetic nanoparticles collected in the lumen of the subsurface vasculature by the magnetic field;
using the fluorescence radiation detected by the detector to detect a presence of the analyte;
determining whether the presence of the analyte indicates a medical condition; and
in response to a determination that the medical condition is indicated, transmitting data representative of the medical condition via the communication interface.
2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the external surface of the body comprises a wrist.
3. The wearable device of claim 2 , wherein the mount comprises a wristband or cuff.
4. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the functions further comprise:
using the fluorescence radiation detected by the detector to determine a concentration of the analyte; and
determining whether the concentration of the analyte indicates a medical condition.
5. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a signal source, wherein the functions further comprise operating the signal source to transmit an interrogating signal into the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the fluorescence radiation is produced in response to the interrogating signal.
6. The wearable device of claim 5 , wherein the interrogating signal comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about 400 nanometers and about 1600 nanometers.
7. The wearable device of claim 6 , wherein the interrogating signal comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about 500 nanometers and about 1000 nanometers.
8. The wearable device of claim 6 , wherein the marker in the magnetic nanoparticles is a fluorophore.
9. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the marker in the magnetic nanoparticles is a chemo-luminescent marker.
10. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a user interface, wherein the functions further comprise reporting the presence of the analyte via the user interface.
11. The wearable device of claim 10 , wherein the functions further comprise:
in response to a determination that the medical condition is indicated, generating an alert via the user interface.
12. The wearable device of claim 5 , wherein the functions further comprise:
controlling the signal source to transmit interrogating signals at preset measurement times;
receiving, from the detector, data representative of fluorescence radiation transmitted from the portion of subsurface vasculature in response to the interrogating signals transmitted at the preset measurement times;
for each preset measurement time, using the fluorescence radiation detected by the detector at that measurement time to detect the presence of the analyte; and
determining, for each preset measurement time, whether the presence of the analyte indicates the medical condition.
13. The wearable device of claim 12 , wherein the functions further comprise:
for each preset measurement time, using the fluorescence radiation detected by the detector at that measurement time to determine a corresponding concentration of the analyte; and
determining, for each preset measurement time, whether the corresponding concentration of the analyte indicates the medical condition.
14. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the magnet is an electromagnet.
15. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are functionalized with a bioreceptor.
16. The wearable device of claim 15 , wherein the bioreceptor comprises at least one of an antibody, a nucleic acid, a low molecular weight ligand, a peptide, a protein, a polysaccharide, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or a plasmid.
17. A method, comprising:
operating a magnet of a wearable device mounted to an external surface of a body proximate to a portion of subsurface vasculature to direct a magnetic field into the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the magnetic field causes magnetic nanoparticles that have been introduced into the body to collect in a lumen of the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles each comprise a marker, wherein the marker is a fluorophore, an autofluorescent marker, a luminescent marker, or a chemo-luminescent marker, and wherein the marker produces fluorescence radiation indicative of an analyte;
operating a detector of the wearable device to detect the fluorescence radiation produced by the marker in the magnetic nanoparticles collected in the lumen of the subsurface vasculature by the magnetic field;
using the fluorescence radiation detected by the detector to detect a presence of the analyte;
determining whether the presence of the analyte indicates a medical condition; and
in response to a determination that the medical condition is indicated, transmitting data representative of the medical condition via a communication interface of the wearable device.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
operating a signal source of the wearable device to transmit an interrogating signal into the portion of subsurface vasculature, wherein the fluorescence radiation is produced in response to the interrogating signal.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising reporting the presence of the analyte via a user interface of the wearable device.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
in response to a determination that the medical condition is indicated, generating an alert via a user interface of the wearable device.