Methods of recovering oil from microorganisms
Provided herein are methods of recovering oil from microorganisms. The methods are useful, for example, in obtaining nutritional oils and/or lipid biofuels. The methods of recovering oil described herein include contacting a population of microorganisms with one or more enzymes under conditions that cause disruption of the microorganisms, concentrating the disrupted microorganisms, and extracting lipids from the disrupted microorganisms at high temperature in the presence of a salt and in the absence of solvent.
1. A method of recovering oil from oil-producing microorganisms comprising
(a) culturing the microorganisms in a fermentation medium;
(b) hydrolyzing the microorganisms in the fermentation medium with an enzyme under conditions that causes disruption of the microorganisms, wherein the hydrolyzed microorganisms comprise the oil;
(c) separating 25-95% of aqueous components of the fermentation media from the hydrolyzed microorganisms comprising the oil;
(d) extracting the oil from the concentrated hydrolyzed microorganisms of step (c) at a high temperature, in the presence of a salt and in the absence of an organic solvent, wherein extraction separates the oil from the hydrolyzed microorganisms; and
(e) recovering the oil of step (d).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method does not comprise a pretreatment step for cell disruption prior to the contacting step.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed in the presence of 0.001% to 0.4% enzyme for one to twenty hours at about 55° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed at a pH of from 5 to 8.5.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 70° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed for one to eight hours.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is a protease.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high temperature during the extraction step is from 75° C. to 95° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of salt added during the extraction step is from 1% to 5%.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of microorganisms is selected from the group consisting of algae, fungi, bacteria and protists.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of microorganisms is selected from the genus Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of microorganisms is a Thraustochytrium sp. deposited as ATCC Accession No. PTA-6245.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein 80-90% of the aqueous components are separated from the hydrolyzed microorganisms comprising the oil.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed in the presence of 0.05% to 1% enzyme.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolyzing step is performed at pH 8.0.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high temperature during the extraction step is 85° C.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of salt added during the extraction step is from 4% to 5%.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of the oil is recovered.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the oil is recovered.