Spark plug with a suppressor that is formed at low temperature
A spark plug suppressor and a method of producing a spark plug suppressor from a suppressor precursor liquid that may be cured at a temperature below 300° C. The spark plug suppressor may include particles or grains dispersed in a matrix of electrically conducting material, electrically semiconducting material, or electrically non-conducting material. The suppressor may include a conductive glass seal component and a resistive suppressor component. The resistive suppressor component may be at least partially embedded in the glass seal component, and the glass seal component may seal a center electrode of the spark plug, a terminal of the spark plug, or both the center electrode and the terminal.
1. A spark plug, comprising:
a metallic shell having an axial bore;
an insulator having an axial bore and being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the metallic shell;
a center electrode being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator;
a ground electrode being attached to the metallic shell; and
a suppressor being arranged within the axial bore of the insulator, wherein the suppressor is formed from a suppressor precursor liquid that is cured at a temperature less than 300° C. so that the cured suppressor precursor liquid includes a network of particles or grains dispersed into a matrix of electrically conducting material, electrically semiconducting material, or electrically non-conducting material.
2. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the suppressor includes first and second conductive glass seal components and a resistive suppressor component, wherein the resistive suppressor component is at least partially embedded between the first and second glass seal components and the first and second glass seal components seal the center electrode, a terminal, or both the center electrode and the terminal.
3. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the particles or grains are electrically conducting or electrically semiconducting and include one or more of: carbon, copper, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, tungsten, or compounds containing carbon, copper, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, titanium, or tungsten.
4. The spark plug of claim 3 , wherein the particles or grains are in contact with one another in order to form an electrically conductive pathway.
5. The spark plug of claim 3 , wherein the matrix is comprised of an electrically conducting material or an electrically semiconducting material.
6. The spark plug of claim 3 , wherein the matrix is comprised of an electrically non-conducting material.
7. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the particles or grains are non-conductive and the matrix is comprised of an electrically conducting material or an electrically semiconducting material.
8. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the network includes a network of siloxane (Si—O—Si) bonds resulting from a polymerization of the suppressor precursor liquid.
9. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the matrix of electrically conducting material, electrically semiconducting material, or electrically non-conducting material includes a geopolymer.
10. The spark plug of claim 9 , wherein the matrix includes a polymeric aluminosilicate (Si—O—Al) framework.
11. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the suppressor has a resistance between 1000 ohms and 15000 ohms.
12. A spark plug, comprising:
a metallic shell having an axial bore;
an insulator having an axial bore and being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the metallic shell;
a center electrode being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator;
a ground electrode being attached to the metallic shell; and
a suppressor being arranged within the axial bore of the insulator, wherein the suppressor is formed from a suppressor precursor liquid, and the suppressor includes particles or grains dispersed into a matrix of electrically conducting material, electrically semiconducting material, or electrically non-conducting material, wherein the particles or grains include approximately 89-90 wt % calcined kaolin, 9-10 wt % calcium hydroxide, and less than 1 wt % carbon black.
13. The spark plug of claim 12 , wherein the particle size of the calcined kaolin is less than about 45 microns.
14. A spark plug, comprising:
a metallic shell having an axial bore;
an insulator having an axial bore and being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the metallic shell;
a center electrode being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator;
a terminal being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator;
a ground electrode being attached to the metallic shell; and
a suppressor being arranged within the axial bore of the insulator between the center electrode and the terminal, wherein the suppressor includes a conductive glass seal component and a resistive suppressor component, wherein the resistive suppressor component is adjacent to the glass seal component and the glass seal component seals the center electrode, the terminal, or both the center electrode and the terminal, wherein the resistive suppressor component is formed from a suppressor precursor liquid that is cured at a temperature less than 300° C., the suppressor precursor liquid including precursor constituents in the form of electrically conducting particles, electrically semiconducting particles, or electrically non-conducting particles, wherein the precursor constituents are mixed in a volatile organic compound (VOC) to form the suppressor precursor liquid, wherein the resistive suppressor component includes a network of the precursor constituents dispersed into a matrix of electrically conducting material, electrically semiconducting material, or electrically non-conducting material.
15. A method of forming the suppressor of the spark plug of claim 1 within the axial bore of the spark plug insulator, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing the suppressor precursor liquid by blending a solution and a powder mixture;
adding the suppressor precursor liquid into the axial bore of the spark plug insulator; and
curing the suppressor precursor liquid at a temperature below 300° C.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein additional precursor constituents are added to the suppressor precursor liquid in the insulator axial bore and mixed in situ before curing.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of adding the suppressor precursor liquid includes metering and injecting the precursor liquid into the axial bore of the spark plug insulator.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ratio of the solution to the powder mixture is between 1:1 and 1:3, inclusive.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the solution includes urea or sodium hydroxide mixed with sodium silicate.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the curing step includes a hydrolysis, condensation, and polymerization sol-gel reaction method.