Living-object protection system antenna structure

1. A base wireless power transfer system comprising:

a power-coupling element;

power transfer circuitry communicatively coupled to the power-coupling element and configured to provide energy to the power-coupling element to produce a magnetic field; and

a living-object protection subsystem comprising:

an antenna configured to transmit a first radio-frequency (RF) signal with a main beam directed away from the power transfer circuitry and to receive a second RF signal, the antenna comprising a radiating element and a reflector with the reflector being disposed between the radiating element and the power transfer circuitry and comprising a metal sheet disposed over an area, the metal sheet defining at least one opening within the area and between the radiating element and the power transfer circuitry; and

a processor communicatively coupled to the antenna and configured to analyze the second RF signal received by the antenna to determine whether an object is present in a region of interest proximate to the base wireless power transfer system.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflector defines a plurality of openings, within the area, that are each open to a respective edge of the area.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein at least one edge of the area is continuous, having none of the plurality of openings being open to the at least one edge.

4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the area is rectangular such that the reflector has four edges, and wherein every edge of the reflector has at least one opening of the plurality of openings open to the respective edge.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflector defines a plurality of openings, within the area, without laterally enclosing, by metal, any of the plurality of openings.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflector comprises a plurality of sub-regions and a plurality of connection sections, each of the plurality of sub-regions spanning at least a sub-area, the plurality of sub-regions being connected by the plurality of connection sections, wherein each of the plurality of connection sections is narrower than the each of the plurality of sub-regions.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of sub-regions and the plurality of connection sections form no loops.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the sub-regions are similarly shaped.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of sub-regions are disposed in a grid.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the antenna comprises discrete radiating elements for transmitting the first RF signal and for receiving the second RF signal.

11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a housing containing the power-coupling element, the power transfer circuitry, and the living-object protection subsystem, the power-coupling element being a coil centered about an axis, and the antenna being disposed to transmit the main beam of the first RF signal away from the axis and toward the region of interest.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one opening extends to an edge of the area.

13. A base wireless power transfer system comprising:

coupling means for producing a magnetic field;

power transfer means, communicatively coupled to the coupling means, for providing energy to the coupling means to produce the magnetic field; and

living-object protection means comprising:

radio-frequency (RF) means for transmitting a first RF signal with a main beam directed away from the power transfer means and for receiving a second RF signal, the RF means including radiating means and reflecting means with the reflecting means being disposed between the radiating means and the power transfer means and comprising a metal sheet disposed over an area, the metal sheet defining at least one opening within the area, at least part of the at least one opening being between the radiating means and the power transfer means, and the at least one opening extending to an edge of the area; and

analyzing means communicatively coupled to the RF means for analyzing the second RF signal to determine whether an object is present in a region of interest proximate to the base wireless power transfer system.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the reflecting means define a plurality of openings, within the area, that are each open to a respective edge of the area.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein at least one edge of the area is continuous, having none of the plurality of openings being open to the at least one edge.

16. The system of claim 14 , wherein the area is rectangular such that the reflecting means have four edges, and wherein every edge of the reflecting means has at least one opening of the plurality of openings open to the respective edge.

17. The system of claim 13 , wherein the reflecting means define a plurality of openings, within the area, without laterally enclosing, by metal, any of the plurality of openings.

18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the reflecting means comprise a plurality of sub-regions and a plurality of connection sections, each of the plurality of sub-regions spanning at least a sub-area, the plurality of sub-regions being connected by the plurality of connection sections, wherein each of the plurality of connection sections is narrower than the each of the plurality of sub-regions.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of sub-regions and the plurality of connection sections form no loops.

20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the sub-regions are similarly shaped.

21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the plurality of sub-regions are disposed in a grid.

22. The system of claim 13 , wherein the RF means comprise discrete radiating elements for transmitting the first RF signal and for receiving the second RF signal.

23. The system of claim 13 , further comprising housing means for containing the coupling means, the power transfer means, and the living-object protection means, the coupling means comprising a coil centered about an axis, and the RF means being disposed to transmit the main beam of the first RF signal away from the axis and toward the region of interest.

24. A method of protecting a living object from wireless electric vehicle charging power, the method comprising:

transmitting a radio-frequency (RF) signal from a radiator of a base wireless power transfer system, a portion of the RF signal that reaches a region of interest proximate to the base wireless power transfer system being a first RF signal, the transmitting including inhibiting the RF signal from reaching the power-transfer circuitry using a reflector comprising a metal sheet spanning an area, the metal sheet defining at least one opening within the area, at least part of the at least one opening being between the radiator and the power-transfer circuitry, and the at least one opening extending to an edge of the area;

receiving a second RF signal that is a reflection of at least part of the first RF signal from the region of interest;

analyzing the second RF signal to determine whether a living object is present in the region of interest; and

providing, in response to determining that no living object is present in the region of interest, a magnetic field from the base wireless power transfer system for wirelessly charging an electric vehicle.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the inhibiting comprises inhibiting eddy current formation in the metal sheet by inhibiting current induced in the metal sheet from forming a loop enclosing any of the at least one opening in the metal sheet.