Hormone responsive tissue culture system and uses thereof
The invention provides tissue culture system for primary cells (e.g. normal mammalian primary epithelial progenitors). This system includes: a) a serum-free, chemically defined cell culture media; and, b) methods for isolation and in vitro long-term propagation of primary cells (e.g. primary epithelial cells). Primary cells so isolated and cultured can be kept undifferentiated and proliferate for many weeks (>15 weeks) or population doubling (>35 PD) without senescence, or any detectable genetic alterations. Upon changing media/culture conditions, these cells can be induced to differentiate. The invention also provides methods to transform normal primary cells so cultured into “cancer stem cells.” The genetically defined cancer stem cell tumor model mimics the behavior of the disease closely, e.g., the cells are invasive, hormone responsive and metastatic when injected into mice. The tumor cells express genes that are specific to cancer stem cells identified in patient samples.
1. A cell culture medium comprising:
equal volumes of F12 medium and Medium 199 supplemented with the following added components: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) pH 7.4; glutamine; insulin; epidermal growth factor (EGF); hydrocortisone; transferrin; triiodothyronine; O-phosphoryl ethanolamine; selenious acid; 17β estradiol; linoleic acid; all-trans retinoic acid; hypoxanthine monosodium (hypoxanthine (Na)); lipoic acid; cholesterol; glutathione; xanthine; ascorbic acid; alpha-tocopherol phosphate; calciferol; choline chloride; folic acid; vitamin B12; thiamine hydrochloride (thiamine HCl); i-inositol; uracil; ribose; para-aminobenzoic acid; and bovine serum albumin, wherein the insulin is added at a concentration of 20 μg/mL, the EGF is added at a concentration of 10 ng/mL, the hydrocortisone is added at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, and the culture medium is further supplemented with cholera toxin at a concentration of 25 ng/mL, and wherein the medium is useful for culturing tumor cells obtained from ovary, fallopian tube, or mesothelium tissue.
2. The medium of claim 1 , wherein the following supplemental components are added at the following concentrations: HEPES pH 7.4 at a concentration of 10 mM; glutamine at a concentration of 2 mM; insulin at a concentration of 20 μg/mL; EGF at a concentration of 10 ng/mL; hydrocortisone at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL; transferrin at a concentration of 10 μg/mL; triiodothyronine at a concentration of 0.2 pg/mL; O-phosphoryl ethanolamine at a concentration of 5 μg/mL; selenious acid at a concentration of 8 ng/mL; 17β estradiol at a concentration of 0.5 ng/mL; linoleic acid at a concentration of 5 μg/mL; all-trans retinoic acid at a concentration of 0.025 μg/mL; hypoxanthine Na at a concentration of 1.75 μg/mL; lipoic acid at a concentration of 0.05 μg/mL; cholesterol at a concentration of 0.05 μg/mL; glutathione at a concentration of 0.012 μg/mL; xanthine at a concentration of 0.085 μg/mL; ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.012 μg/mL; alpha-tocopherol phosphate at a concentration of 0.003 μg/mL; calciferol at a concentration of vitamin D, 0.025 μg/mL; choline chloride at a concentration of 3.5 μg/mL; folic acid at a concentration of 0.33 μg/mL; vitamin B12 at a concentration of 0.35 μg/mL; thiamine HCl at a concentration of 0.08 μg/mL; i-inositol at a concentration of 4.5 μg/mL; uracil at a concentration of 0.075 μg/mL; ribose at a concentration of 0.125 μg/mL; para-aminobenzoic acid at a concentration of 0.012 μg/mL; and bovine serum albumin at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL.
3. The medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium contains none or trace amount of calf or fetal bovine serum.
4. The medium of claim 1 , further comprising 0.1-0.2% serum.
5. The medium of claim 1 , further comprising 0.1-5% serum.
6. The medium of claim 1 , further comprising 1-5% serum.