Hydraulic fracturing compositions including novel viscosifying systems and methods for making and using same
Novel fracturing fluid compositions including a polymers system including a major portion of one synthetic hydratable polymer or a plurality of synthetic hydratable polymers, and a minor portion of one natural hydratable polymer or a plurality natural hydratable polymers, and an effective amount of a viscosifying system including one guanidine salt or a plurality of guanidine salts, where the effective amount is sufficient to increase the viscosity of the synthetic polymer system by 20% or more compared to fracturing fluids including only the synthetic polymer system and methods for making and using the compositions.
1. A method for fracturing a formation comprising:
pumping a fracturing fluid composition into a formation at a pressure sufficient and for a time sufficient to fracture the formation,
wherein the fracturing fluid composition comprises:
a base fluid,
a polymer system including:
a major portion of one partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer or a plurality of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers, and
a minor portion of one natural hydratable polymer or a plurality natural hydratable polymers, and
an effective amount of a viscosifying system including one guanidine salt or a plurality of guanidine salts,
wherein the major portion is an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. % and the minor portion is an amount less than or equal to 50 wt. %, and
wherein the effective amount is sufficient to increase the viscosity of the synthetic polymer system by 20% or more compared to fracturing fluids including only the polymer system.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the guanidine salts comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of guanidine salts, substituted guanidine salts, carbyl substituted guanidine salts, hydrocarbyl substituted guanidine salts, bicyclic guanidine salts, substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, carbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, hydrocarbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the guanidine salts, the substituted guanidine salts, the carbyl substituted guanidine salts, and the hydrocarbyl substituted guanidine salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
M is a hydrogen ion or a metal ion,
X is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 −2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
i is an integer between 1 and 4.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein
(a) R 1 is a carbyl group, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(b) R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(c) R 1 is an alkyl group having between 8 and 4 carbon atoms, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1, or
(d) R 1 is dodecyl, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bicyclic guanidine salts, substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, carbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts and hydrocarbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula (II):
wherein:
R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
M is a hydrogen ion or a metal ion,
X is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 −2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
i is a integer between 1 and 4.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein
(a) R 6 is a carbyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(b) R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(c) R 6 is an alkyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1, or
(d) R 6 is dodecyl, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viscosifying system further includes one quaternary salts or a plurality of quaternary salts.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the quaternary salts comprise:
(1) compounds of the general formula
R 15 R 16 R 17 ArN + X − ,
wherein:
R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
Ar is an aryl group, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 5 and 40 carbon atoms, where one or more of the carbon atoms may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atoms, or mixtures thereof, and
X − is a counterion,
(2) compounds of the general formula
R 15 R 16 R 17 R 18 N + X −
wherein:
R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
X − is a counterion, or
(3) mixtures and combinations thereof,
wherein X − is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers comprise polyacrylamide polymers having a molecular weight between about 1 million and about 50 million and being partially hydrolyzed, wherein a degree of hydrolysis is between about 1% to about 50%.
10. A fracturing fluid composition comprising:
a base fluid,
a polymers system including:
a major portion of one partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer or a plurality of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers, and
a minor portion of one natural hydratable polymer or a plurality natural hydratable polymers, and
an effective amount of a viscosifying system including one guanidine salt or a plurality of guanidine salts,
wherein the major portion is an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. % and the minor portion is an amount less than or equal to 50 wt. %, and
wherein the effective amount is sufficient to increase the viscosity of the synthetic polymer system by 20% or more compared to fracturing fluids including only the synthetic polymer system.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the major portion is an amount between 50.1 wt. % and 100 wt. % and any value between 50.1 wt. % and 100 wt. %, and
the minor portion is an amount between 49.9 wt. % and 0 wt. % and any value between 49.9 wt. % and 0 wt. %.
12. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the guanidine salts comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of guanidine salts, substituted guanidine salts, carbyl substituted guanidine salts, hydrocarbyl substituted guanidine salts, bicyclic guanidine salts, substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, carbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, hydrocarbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the guanidine salts, the substituted guanidine salts, the carbyl substituted guanidine salts and the hydrocarbyl substituted guanidine salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, where one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
M is a hydrogen ion or a metal ion,
X is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 −2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
i is an integer between 1 and 4.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein:
(a) R 1 is a carbyl group, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(b) R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(c) R 1 is an alkyl group having between 8 and 4 carbon atoms, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1, or
(d) R 1 is dodecyl, R 2-5 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl and i is 1.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the bicyclic guanidine salts, substituted bicyclic guanidine salts, carbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts and hydrocarbyl substituted bicyclic guanidine salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula (II):
wherein:
R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
M is a hydrogen ion or a metal ion,
X is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 −2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
i is a integer between 1 and 4.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein:
(a) R 6 is a carbyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(b) R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1,
(c) R 6 is an alkyl group, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1, or
(d) R 6 is dodecyl, R 7-14 are hydrogen atoms, M is H, X is Cl, and i is 1.
17. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the viscosifying system further includes one quaternary salts or a plurality of quaternary salts.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the quaternary salts comprise:
(1) compounds of the general formula
R 15 R 16 R 17 ArN + X −
wherein:
R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom,
Ar is an aryl group, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 5 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atoms, or mixtures thereof, and
X − is a counterion,
(2) compounds of the general formula
R 15 R 16 R 17 R 18 N + X −
wherein:
R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or substitutes selected from the group consisting of carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom, and
X − is a counterion, or
(3) mixtures and combinations thereof,
wherein X − is selected from the group chloride (Cl − ), bromide (Br − ), hydroxide (OH − ), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 − ), carbyl sulfate (RSO 4 − ), or mixtures thereof, wherein R is a carbyl groups, hydrocarbyl groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkaaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and mixtures thereof having between 1 and 40 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms may be replace by an oxygen atom.
19. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers comprise polyacrylamide polymers having a molecular weight between about 1 million and about 50 million and being partially hydrolyzed, and wherein a degree of hydrolysis is between about 1% to about 50%.
20. The composition of claim 10 , wherein:
the major portion is an amount between 50.1 wt. % and 100 wt. % and any value between 50.1 wt. % and 100 wt. %, and
the minor portion is an amount between 49.9 wt. % and 0 wt. % and any value between 49.9 wt. % and 0 wt. %.