Copper infiltrated molybdenum and/or tungsten base powder metal alloy for superior thermal conductivity
A sintered material for use in an internal combustion engine, such as a valve seat insert, is provided. The material includes a pressed base powder metal mixture and a Cu-rich phase infiltrated in pores of the base powder metal mixture. The base powder metal mixture includes at least one of Mo and W, and at least one additive, such as B, N, and/or C. The amount of the Mo and/or W is 50 wt. % to 85 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material. The at least one additive is present in a total amount of 0.2 to 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material, and the Cu-rich phase is present in an amount of 15 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material. The material also has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK.
1. A valve seat insert, comprising:
a sintered material, said sintered material including a base powder metal mixture and a Cu-rich phase;
said base powder metal mixture including Mo, said Mo is present in an amount of 75.0 wt. % to 99.8 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture including at least one of B, N, and C present in an amount of 0.2 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture including a plurality of pores;
said Cu-rich phase disposed in said pores of said base powder metal mixture; and
said sintered material has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK.
2. The valve seat inset of claim 1 , wherein said at least one of B, N, and C has a solubility in said base powder metal mixture of less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture.
3. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder metal mixture includes at least one additional additive, said at least one additional additive includes at least one of silicon (Si), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr); and
said at least one of B, N, and C and said at least one additional additive together are present in a total amount of up to 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material.
4. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder metal mixture include a combination selected from the group consisting of: Mo, V, and N; Mo and C; Mo, W, and B; Mo and MoC; and Mo, V, and N.
5. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder metal mixture includes C and N.
6. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder mixture includes C, N and Si.
7. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said Cu-rich phase is present in an amount of 15 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material.
8. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said Cu-rich phase is pure copper, a copper alloy, or a copper-based material; and said Cu-rich phase has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK at 21° C.
9. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder metal mixture has a porosity of 10 volume percent (vol. %) to 50 vol. %, based on the total volume of said base powder metal mixture; and said Cu-rich phase fills the volume of said pores.
10. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said material has a coefficient of friction of up to 0.8, and said material has a hardness greater than 55 HRA from 21° C. up to 500° C.
11. The valve seat insert of claim 1 , wherein said base powder metal mixture includes at least one additional additive;
said at least one of B, N, and C is present in an amount of 0.2 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said at least one of B, N, and C has a solubility in said base powder metal mixture of less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said at least one additional additive includes at least one of silicon (Si), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr);
said at least one of B, N, and C and said at least one additional additive together are present in a total amount up to 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material;
said base powder metal mixture has a porosity of 10 volume percent (vol. %) to 50 vol. %, based on the total volume of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture is pressed;
said Cu-rich phase is pure copper, a copper alloy, or a copper-based material;
said Cu-rich phase has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK at 21° C.;
said Cu-rich phase fills the volume of said pores;
said Cu-rich phase is present in an amount of 15 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material;
said material has a coefficient of friction of up to 0.8; and
said material has a hardness greater than 55 HRA from 21° C. up to 500° C.;
and said material is sintered.
12. A material for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a base powder metal mixture and a Cu-rich phase,
said base powder metal mixture including Mo, said Mo is present in an amount of 75.0 wt. % to 99.8 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture including at least one additive, said at least one additive including at least one of B, N, and C present in an amount of 0.2 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture including a plurality of pores; and
said Cu-rich phase disposed in said pores of said base powder metal mixture.
13. The material of claim 12 , wherein said material is sintered and has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK, and said Cu-rich phase of said material has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK.
14. The material of claim 13 , wherein said material has a thermal conductivity of at least 90 W/mK and said Cu-rich phase has a thermal conductivity of at least 90 W/mK.
15. The material of claim 14 , wherein said material has a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mK and said Cu-rich phase has a thermal conductivity of at least 110 W/mK.
16. The material of claim 13 , wherein said at least one of B, N, and C has a solubility in said base powder metal mixture of less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of said base powder metal mixture;
said at least one additive further includes at least one of silicon (Si), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr), in addition to said at least one of B, N, and C;
said additives are present in a total amount of up to 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material;
said base powder metal mixture has a porosity of 10 volume percent (vol. %) to 50 vol. %, based on the total volume of said base powder metal mixture;
said base powder metal mixture is pressed;
said Cu-rich phase is pure copper, a copper alloy, or a copper-based material;
said Cu-rich phase fills the volume of said pores;
said Cu-rich phase is present in an amount of 15 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of said material;
said material has a coefficient of friction of up to 0.8;
said material has a hardness greater than 55 HRA from 21° C. up to 500° C.