Process for the manufacture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane
A process for the manufacture of haloalkanes, or more particularly to a process for the manufacture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa) and/or 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane (HCC-250fb). The process includes (a) mixing a catalyst, co-catalyst and a haloalkane starting material under conditions suitable to produce a homogeneous mixture; (b) reacting the homogeneous mixture with a haloalkene and/or alkene starting material under conditions suitable to produce a haloalkane product stream; and (c) recovering a haloalkane product from said product stream.
1. A process for preparing a haloalkane comprising:
(a) preparing a solid-free mixture comprising a catalyst, carbon tetrachloride, and vinyl chloride;
(b) reacting the solid-free mixture under conditions suitable to produce a haloalkane product stream;
(c) recovering 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane from said product stream; and
(d) reacting said 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane with hydrogen fluoride under conditions sufficient to yield 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane; and
wherein the process is a continuous process.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst comprises CuCl and said co-catalyst comprises CH 3 CN, t-Bu-NH 2 , n-Bu-NH 2 , ethanol-amine, pyridine, sec-Bu-NH 2 , benzyl-NH 2 , n-Bu 3 N or combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst comprises metallic Fe and said co-catalyst comprises hexamethylphosphoramide, (BuO) 3 P, (ClCH 2 CH 2 O) 3 P, tributlyphosphate, triphenylphosphate, (PhO) 3 P or combinations thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said haloalkane starting material has the formula C n H m X p wherein X is a halogen and wherein n is an integer from 1 to 200, and m and p are each independently 0 to 2n+2 provided that m+p=2 n+2.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said haloalkene starting material has the formula C n H y X z wherein X is a halogen and wherein n is an integer from 2 to 200, and y and z are each independently 0 to 2 n provided that y+z=2 n.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the product stream comprises a portion of said catalyst and a portion of said co-catalyst, and said process further comprises recovering and recycling said catalyst and said co-catalyst from said product stream.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein said catalyst and said co-catalyst are recovered and recycled as a mixture of the catalyst and co-catalyst.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst comprises iron and said co-catalyst comprises tributlyphosphate.
9. A process for preparing a haloalkane, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing a solid-free mixture comprising a catalyst, co-catalyst and a haloalkane starting material;
(b) reacting the solid-free mixture with a haloalkene starting material, an alkene starting material or both a haloalkene starting material and an alkene starting material under conditions suitable to produce a haloalkane product stream comprising 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentachloropropane;
(c) flash-distilling the haloalkane product stream of step (b) to separate a haloalkane product comprising 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentachloropropane, unreacted haloalkane starting material and unreacted haloalkene starting material from a mixture of said catalyst and co-catalyst; and
(d) recycling the catalyst and co-catalyst mixture to step (a);
wherein the process is a continuous process.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein said haloalkane product comprises 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane, 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentachlorobutane or a combination thereof.
11. The process of claim 9 wherein said catalyst comprises iron and said co-catalyst comprises tributlyphosphate.
12. A process for preparing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and/or a combination of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane and 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene comprising:
(a) preparing a solid-free mixture comprising a catalyst, co-catalyst and a haloalkane starting material;
(b) reacting the solid-free mixture with a haloalkene starting material and/or alkene starting material under conditions suitable to produce a 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane product stream;
(c) recovering 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane from said product stream; and
(d) reacting said 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane with hydrogen fluoride under conditions sufficient to yield 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane;
wherein the process is a continuous process.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein said haloalkene starting material comprises vinyl chloride, 2-chloro-1-propene or a combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 12 wherein said alkene starting material comprises ethylene.
15. The process of claim 12 wherein said catalyst comprises CuCl and said co-catalyst comprises CH 3 CN, t-Bu-NH 2 , n-Bu-NH 2 , ethanol-amine, pyridine, sec-Bu-NH 2 , benzyl-NH 2 , n-Bu 3 N or combinations thereof.
16. The process of claim 12 wherein said catalyst comprises metallic Fe and said co-catalyst comprises hexamethylphosphoramide, (BuO) 3 P, (ClCH 2 CH 2 O) 3 P, tributlyphosphate, triphenylphosphate, (Pho) 3 P or combinations thereof.
17. The process of claim 12 wherein said haloalkane product is recovered from said product stream by flash-distillation.
18. The process of claim 12 wherein the product stream comprises a portion of said catalyst and a portion of said co-catalyst, and said process further comprises recovering and recycling said catalyst and said co-catalyst from said product stream.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein said catalyst and said co-catalyst are recovered and recycled as a mixture of the catalyst and co-catalyst.
20. The process of claim 12 , wherein said haloalkane starting material comprises carbon tetrachloride.
21. The process of claim 12 wherein said catalyst comprises iron and said co-catalyst comprises tributlyphosphate.