Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices
The embodiments herein relate to methods for controlling an optical transition in an optically switchable device, and optically switchable devices configured to perform such methods. In various embodiments, non-optical (e.g., electrical) feedback is used to help control an optical transition. The feedback may be used for a number of different purposes. In many implementations, the feedback is used to control an ongoing optical transition.
1. A method of controlling an optical transition of an optically switchable device, the method comprising:
(a) applying a voltage and/or a current for driving a first optically switchable device to transition from a starting optical state to an ending optical state, wherein the voltage applied and/or the current applied is applied to one or more bus bars of the first optically switchable device;
(b) before the transition is complete, determining an electrical characteristic of the first optically switchable device to generate a determined electrical characteristic of the first optically switchable device; and
(c) responsive to the determined electrical characteristic:
(i) ramping, over time, the applied voltage at a voltage ramp rate to a target voltage value; and
(ii) making an adjustment to the voltage ramp rate, to maintain the determined electrical characteristic between threshold levels, wherein the adjustment comprises:
stopping the ramping, reversing the direction of the ramping, decreasing the voltage ramp rate, or increasing the voltage ramp rate; and
substantially matching, during the transition, a tint level of the first optically switchable device to a tint level of a second optically switchable device proximate the first optically switchable device.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first optically switchable device and/or the second optically switchable device is an electrochromic (EC) window.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises an open circuit voltage across two electrodes of the optically switchable device.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a current flowing between two electrodes of the optically switchable device.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a voltage and/or a current, and wherein using the determined electrical characteristic comprises adjusting the applied voltage used to drive the transition based at least in part on the determined electrical characteristic to ensure that the optically switchable device is maintained during the optical transition (i) within a safe operating range of current density and/or (ii) within a safe operating voltage range, wherein the safe operating range of current density and the safe operating voltage range facilitate operation such that the optically switchable device is not degraded.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the safe operating range of current density has a maximum current density magnitude between (I) about seventy (70) microamperes per centimeter square and (II) about two hundred and fifty (250) microamperes per centimeter square (μA/cm 2 ).
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the safe operating voltage range has a maximum magnitude between (I) about five (5) Volts and (II) about nine (9) Volts (V).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a voltage and/or a current, and wherein using the determined electrical characteristic comprises adjusting the applied voltage used to drive the transition based at least in part on the determined electrical characteristic to ensure that the optical transition is occurring at a rate of optical transition that is at least as high as a target rate of optical transition.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein using the determined electrical characteristic further comprises adjusting the applied voltage based at least in part on the determined electrical characteristic to ensure that the optical transition occurs within a target timeframe.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a voltage and/or a current, and wherein using the determined electrical characteristic comprises adjusting the applied voltage used to drive the transition based at least in part on the determined electrical characteristic to determine whether the optically switchable device is at or near the ending optical state.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a current that occurs in response to open circuit voltage conditions applied to the optically switchable device.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising determining a quantity of charge delivered to drive the optical transition, and based at least in part on the determined quantity of charge delivered, determining whether the optically switchable device is at or near the ending optical state.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving a command to transition the optically switchable device to a third optical state after initiation of the optical transition from the starting optical state to the ending optical state, wherein the third optical state is different from the ending optical state, and wherein using the determined electrical characteristic comprises adjusting the applied voltage used to drive the optical transition is based at least in part on the determined electrical characteristic to thereby drive the optically switchable device to the third optical state.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target voltage target value is (i) a target drive voltage or (ii) a target hold voltage.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a conducted current, and wherein the method further comprises:
ramping the applied voltage at an increased rate in response to a decrease in the conducted current.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determined electrical characteristic comprises a conducted current, and wherein the method further comprises:
ramping the applied voltage at a decreased rate in response to an increase in the conducted current.